{"id":200527,"date":"2026-08-18T09:44:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T16:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/?p=200527"},"modified":"2026-08-18T09:45:45","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T16:45:45","slug":"%e1%8a%a0%e1%88%b3-%e1%8b%a8%e1%88%9a%e1%8c%88%e1%88%9b%e1%8b%8d-%e1%8a%a8%e1%8c%ad%e1%8a%95%e1%89%85%e1%88%8b%e1%89%b1-%e1%8a%90%e1%8b%8d-%e1%88%99%e1%88%b5%e1%8a%93-%e1%89%a0%e1%8a%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/?p=200527","title":{"rendered":"\u12a0\u1233 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u121b\u12cd \u12a8\u132d\u1295\u1245\u120b\u1271 \u1290\u12cd? \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1363 \u1270\u130e\u1302\u12ce\u1279\u1293 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214\u12cd &#8211; \u12a0\u12ad\u120e\u130d \u1262\u122b\u122b (\u12f6\u122d)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00a0\u201c\u12a0\u1233 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u121b\u12cd \u12a8\u132d\u1295\u1245\u120b\u1271 \u1290\u12cd\u201d <\/strong>\u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1263\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d \u1225\u1290-\u121d\u130d\u1263\u122d\u1293 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12ad\u1265\u12f0\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1208\u133d \u1260\u1265\u12db\u1275 \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12c8\u1208\u12f5\u1293 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u122d \u1328\u12ab\u129d\u1293 \u12a0\u1228\u1218\u1294 \u120a\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d\u1364 \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u134d\u122b\u123d\u1364 \u1215\u12dd\u1261\u1295 \u12a5\u122d\u1235 \u1260\u122d\u1231 \u12eb\u1293\u12a8\u1230\u1364 \u12eb\u12f0\u12b8\u12e8\u1364 \u12e8\u1291\u122e \u12cd\u12f5\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1263\u1263\u1230\u1364 \u12f0\u121d \u121b\u134d\u1230\u1235\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1270\u1208 \u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12c8\u12eb\u1294\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u1293 \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u121b\u122d\u12a8\u12cd \u1325\u1242\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u121a\u120a\u12e8\u1290\u122d\u1293 \u1262\u120a\u12e8\u1290\u122d \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275\u1364\u00a0<u>\u201c\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1273\u12ca \u121d\u12dd\u1260\u122b\u201d<\/u>\u00a0\u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1203\u134d \u1260\u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1270\u12f0\u130d\u134c \u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1245\u122d\u1264\u12eb\u1208\u1201\u1362 \u12d0\u1265\u12ed \u12a0\u1205\u1218\u12f5 \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u12f4\u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u134d\u122d\u1236 \u201c\u1265\u120d\u133d\u130d\u1293\u1295\u201d \u12a8\u1270\u12ab \u1260\u128b\u120b\u1364\u00a0\u12e8\u120c\u1265\u1290\u1275\u1363\u00a0\u1219\u1235\u1293\u1363\u00a0\u1265\u120d\u130d\u1293\u00a0\u12a5\u1293\u00a0\u1215\u1308\u12c8\u1325\u1290\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1205\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1261\u1295 \u1232\u12eb\u1230\u1243\u12e8\u12cd \u12ed\u1273\u12eb\u120d\u1362 \u120c\u1265\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1218\u12f5\u1283\u1292\u1275 \u12e8\u120c\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1260\u123d\u1273 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1208\u1308\u121b\u12cd \u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u120c\u1265\u1290\u1275\u1364 \u1219\u1235\u1293\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f5\u12f0\u122d \u1265\u120d\u123d\u1275\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u12cd \u121b\u1290\u12cd? \u1260\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1291 \u1265\u120e \u1295\u1339\u1200\u1295\u1295 \u1260\u12f5\u122e\u1295\u1364 \u1273\u1295\u12ad\u1293 \u121e\u122d\u1273\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1328\u1348\u132d\u1348\u12cd \u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u1218\u122a\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u12a8\u1263\u122a \u12e8\u1265\u120d\u133d\u130d\u1293\u12cd \u1218\u122a \u12d0\u1265\u12ed \u12a0\u1205\u1218\u12f5 \u12a0\u120a \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1364 \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1261\u1295 \u1265\u127b \u121b\u12e8\u1271 \u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u12eb\u12cb\u1323\u121d\u1362 \u1219\u1235\u1293\u1295 \u1260\u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u120d \u1208\u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1230\u12cd \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u120d\u1362 \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12a8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d\u1363 \u12a8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1262\u122e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1363 \u12a8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275\u1363 \u12a8\u12f0\u120b\u120e\u127d\u1293 \u12a8\u12f0\u12ab\u121b \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u12eb\u12ed\u12de \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1320\u122d \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ad \u120a\u1206\u1295 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<h1><strong><b>1. \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u121d\u1295\u12f5\u1295 \u1290\u12cd?<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Transparency International \u1219\u1235\u1293\u1295 <strong><b>\u201c\u1208\u1230\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1320\u1295 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1208\u130d\u120d \u1325\u1245\u121d \u12a0\u120b\u130d\u1263\u1265 \u1218\u1320\u1240\u121d\u201d<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u1338\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1309\u1266 \u1218\u1240\u1260\u120d\u1293 \u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265\u1295 \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u121b\u132d\u1260\u122d\u1260\u122d\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1328\u1228\u1273\u1295 \u1208\u12c8\u12f3\u1305 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1208\u1264\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u121b\u1218\u127b\u1278\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u121e \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1290 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275\u1293 \u12a9\u1263\u1295\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12cd\u120d \u1208\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u1263\u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u12f0\u1208\u120d\u1295 \u12eb\u12ab\u1275\u1273\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12e8\u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u1235\u122d\u1246\u1275 \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1265\u120d\u130d\u1293\u121d \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1225\u122b \u1208\u1218\u1245\u1320\u122d \u12d8\u1218\u12f5\u1295 \u1218\u121d\u1228\u1325\u1363 \u134d\u1243\u12f5 \u1208\u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1308\u1263 \u1325\u1245\u121d \u1218\u1320\u12e8\u1245\u1363 \u1218\u122c\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u121e \u121b\u12db\u12c8\u122d\u1363 \u12e8\u1328\u1228\u1273 \u1218\u1228\u1303\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u12f5\u121e \u1208\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u1290 \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f3\u122a \u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275\u1363 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1208\u121b\u134b\u1320\u1295 \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u1218\u1320\u12e8\u1245 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1215\u130d\u1295 \u1208\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u1291 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1265\u127b \u121b\u120b\u120b\u1275\u121d \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<h1><strong><b>2. \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1275 \u1246\u121b\u1208\u127d?<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u1235\u1208\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1325\u1245\u120d\u00a0\u130d\u1295\u12db\u1264 \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1320\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8Transparency International \u121b\u1265\u122b\u122a\u12eb\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1275\u1295\u1364 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1308\u129d\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12f0\u130d\u121e\u1364\u00a0\u12a8\u12da\u1201 \u12e8\u1275\u1228\u1295\u1235\u1350\u1228\u1295\u1232 \u12a2\u1295\u1270\u122d\u1293\u123d\u1293\u120d\u00a0\u122a\u1350\u122d\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1218\u120d\u12a8\u1275\u1361\u1361<strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong>\u1275\u122b\u1295\u1235\u1353\u1228\u1295\u1232\u00a0\u12a2\u1295\u1270\u122d\u1293\u123d\u1293\u120d\u00a0\u1263\u12c8\u1323\u12cd \u12e82025 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) <strong><u><b>\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb 38 \u1290\u1325\u1265 \u12a8100<\/b><\/u><\/strong><strong><u><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/u><\/strong><strong><u><b>\u12a0\u130d\u129d\u1273<\/b><\/u><\/strong><strong><u><b>\u1364<\/b><\/u><\/strong><strong><u><b>\u00a0\u12a8182 \u12a0\u1308\u122e\u127d 96\u129b<\/b><\/u><\/strong>\u00a0\u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1240\u121d\u1323\u1208\u127d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1290\u1325\u1265 \u12a8\u1240\u12f3\u121a\u12cd \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1290\u1325\u1265 \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1364\u00a038\/100 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12d8\u122d\u134d \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u1263\u12f5 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1241\u121d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12d9 \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12c8\u1295\u1300\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u1246\u1325\u122d\u121d\u1364 \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12d8\u122d\u134d \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u130d\u1295\u12db\u1264 \u1265\u127b \u12ed\u1208\u12ab\u120d\u00a0\u12a5\u1295\u1302\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1263\u1295\u12ad Worldwide Governance Indicators \u12f0\u130d\u121e\u1364\u00a0\u12602024 \u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u201cControl of Corruption\u201d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd\u1295 <strong><u><b>\u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1290\u1325\u1265 21.4 \u12a8100 \u1230\u1325\u1277\u120d\u1362<\/b><\/u><\/strong>\u00a0\u1290\u1325\u1261 \u12602022 24.1\u1363 \u12602023 23.6 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u00a0\u12e8\u1230\u1323\u1275\u1362 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1241\u1325\u1325\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u124b\u121b\u12ca \u12f5\u12ad\u1218\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1241\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1240\u1293\u1300 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120d \u12e8\u1225\u1290-\u121d\u130d\u1263\u122d\u1293 \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295\u121d \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u120d\u121b\u1275\u1295\u1363 \u12f4\u121e\u12ad\u122b\u1232\u1295\u1293 \u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u130e\u12f3 \u1260\u12ed\u134b \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u133b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295 \u121b\u124b\u124b\u121d \u1260\u122b\u1231 \u1260\u1242 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u120c\u1208\u12cd \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u130d\u1295\u1263\u1273 \u1235\u122b\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u1348\u1208\u130b\u1278\u12cd \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d\u1293 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u12eb\u1208 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12cd\u12f5\u12f5\u122d\u1293\u00a0\u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u1230\u1320\u1364 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1263\u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275 \u12a8\u1300\u122d\u1263 \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1240\u1219 \u12a8\u1206\u1290\u1364\u00a0<strong><u><b>\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u121b\u12cd \u12a8\u132d\u1295<\/b><\/u><\/strong><strong><u><b>\u1245\u120b<\/b><\/u><\/strong><strong><u><b>\u1271<\/b><\/u><\/strong>\u00a0\u1218\u1206\u1291 \u120a\u12eb\u12a8\u122b\u12ad\u122d \u12a0\u12ed\u127d\u120d\u121d\u1362 \u12d0\u1265\u12ed \u12a0\u1205\u1218\u12f5 \u1260\u1201\u1209\u121d \u12d8\u122d\u134d \u12a8\u12f0\u1219 \u1295\u1339\u1205 \u1290\u129d \u1262\u120d\u121d\u1364 \u121b\u1295\u129b\u12cd\u1295\u121d \u12a0\u1235\u12a8\u134a \u1275\u12a5\u12dd\u12db\u12dd \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u1325 \u122b\u1231 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u00a0\u12a8\u12f0\u1219 \u1295\u1339\u1205 \u1290\u129d \u120a\u120d \u12a0\u12ed\u127d\u120d\u121d\u1362 <strong><b>\u12a5\u1231\u1293 \u130d\u1265\u1228 \u12a0\u1260\u122e\u1279 \u12ab\u120d\u1270\u12c8\u1308\u12f1 \u12a5\u120d\u1242\u1271\u121d \u1219\u1235\u1293\u12cd\u121d \u12a0\u12eb\u1246\u1219\u121d\u1362<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><strong><b>3. \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u120a\u12a8\u1230\u1275 \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d?<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12a0\u12f0\u130b \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1263\u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1275\u1295\u123d \u1261\u12f5\u1295 \u1265\u12d9 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1232\u1296\u1228\u12cd\u1363\u00a0\u12cd\u1233\u1294\u12cd \u1260\u130d\u120d\u133d \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1233\u12ed\u1273\u12ed\u1363 \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f3\u122a\u1290\u1275 \u1232\u12eb\u1295\u1235\u1363 \u12a6\u12f2\u1275\u1293 \u1241\u1325\u1325\u122d \u1232\u12f0\u12ad\u121d \u12a5\u1293 \u1325\u134b\u1275 \u1232\u1348\u1338\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u12d5\u12f5\u1209 \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u12eb\u1294 \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1208\u1218\u1348\u1320\u122d \u121d\u1279 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12eb\u1308\u129b\u120d\u1361\u1361<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u12ad\u1349 \u12a5\u1245\u12f6\u127d \u121b\u1235\u1348\u1338\u121a\u12eb \u12a8\u1206\u1291\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1291\u1364\u00a0\u1263\u1230\u1263\u1230\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u1230\u1290\u12f6\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325\u1364\u00a0<strong><u><b>\u12e8\u1218\u122c\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d\u1363 \u121b\u12d5\u12f5\u1295\u1363 \u1308\u1262\u1293 \u1309\u121d\u1229\u12ad\u1363 \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u12a5\u1293<\/b><\/u><\/strong>\u00a0\u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1264\u1276\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1235\u130b\u1275 \u12f3\u1230\u1233\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u1325\u1293\u1276\u127d \u1218\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u134b \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1313\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1201\u1209\u121d \u1270\u124b\u121d \u1219\u1230\u129b \u1290\u12cd \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12d8\u122d\u134e\u127d \u120d\u12e9 \u12e8\u12a0\u1230\u122b\u122d \u1235\u130b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1208\u1218\u1218\u122d\u1218\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1348\u1208\u1308 \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1260\u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12a0\u12f0\u130b \u1260\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 <strong><b>\u130d\u12e5\u1293 \u1328\u1228\u1273\u1363\u1260\u1218\u122c\u1275\u1293 \u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d\u1363 \u1260\u134d\u1243\u12f5\u1293 \u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u121d\u12dd\u1308\u1263\u1363 \u1260\u1273\u12ad\u1235\u1293 \u1309\u121d\u1229\u12ad\u1363\u1260\u1225\u122b \u1245\u1325\u122d\u1293<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u12a5\u12f5\u1308\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12ae\u1295\u1275\u122b\u1275\u1363 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u1260\u134c\u12f0\u122b\u120d \u1263\u1300\u1275 \u1235\u122d\u132d\u1275\u1364 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1276\u127d\u1293 \u1260\u1275\u120b\u120d\u1245 \u1355\u122e\u1300\u12ad\u1276\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u120a\u1348\u1320\u122d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u12e8\u1308\u121b \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u121d\u1208\u12cd\u121d \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u120c\u1266\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u1219\u1230\u129e\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u1245\u1323\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u1229\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1348\u1273\u12cd\u121d \u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u12a0\u1308\u122d\u1295 \u12a0\u12f0\u130b \u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1325\u12cd \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1338\u1218\u12cd \u1265\u1214\u122d \u1270\u12a8\u122d \u1218\u1200\u1291 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361 <\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u1260\u12c8\u1228\u1240\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12c8\u1323\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u1293\u12ed\u1364 \u12e82024 \u12a0\u12f2\u1231 \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120d \u130d\u12e5\u1293 \u1295\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u1241\u1325\u122d 1333\/2024 \u12e8\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u1215\u130d \u1260\u12ed\u12d8\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u1348\u133b\u1338\u121d \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1209\u1260\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1208\u133d\u1363 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1271\u1295 \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1293 \u1270\u12f0\u122b\u123d \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u1325\u1230\u1275 \u1232\u1348\u1320\u122d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1320\u1293\u12a8\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12c8\u1323 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u133b\u120d\u1364 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1276\u127d\u1295\u121d \u1260\u1215\u1309 \u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u1265\u1277\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<h1><strong><b>4. \u201c\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12c8\u12f0 \u1273\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12eb\u12eb\u12d8 \u1219\u1235\u1293\u201d \u121b\u1208\u1275\u1235?<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u201c\u1201\u1209\u121d \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12a8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u120b\u12ed\u129b\u12cd \u1275\u12d5\u12db\u12dd \u12ed\u1218\u122b\u120d\u201d \u1265\u120e \u1218\u12f0\u121d\u12f0\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u127b\u120d\u121d\u1364\u00a0\u1295\u1339\u1200\u1295\u121d \u120a\u1296\u1229 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u127d\u1209\u1362 CPI \u12c8\u12ed\u121d World Bank Governance Indicators \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12eb\u1208 \u12e8\u1275\u12d5\u12db\u12dd \u1230\u1295\u1230\u1208\u1275 \u12a0\u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1321\u121d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1273\u12ca \u1290\u12cd\u1362\u00a0\u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1219\u1230\u129b \u1220\u122b\u1270\u129b \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12cd\u1233\u1294 \u1230\u132a\u1363 \u1270\u1320\u1243\u121a \u1290\u130b\u12f4\u1363 \u12f0\u120b\u120b\u1363 \u1328\u1228\u1273 \u12a0\u12d8\u130b\u1305\u1363\u00a0\u1348\u122b\u121a\u1363 \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u120b\u120b\u134a\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u1240\u12f3\u12f3\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u1232\u1308\u1293\u1299 \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1294\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12ad \u120a\u1348\u1320\u122d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u121b\u134d\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1230\u122b\u122d \u12eb\u1295\u1338\u1263\u122d\u1243\u120d\u1362 Transparency International \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1260\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12a8\u129e\u127d\u1363 \u1260\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1220\u122b\u1270\u129e\u127d\u1363 \u1260\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f5 \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u134b\u12ed\u1293\u1295\u1235\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1219\u12eb\u12ca \u12a0\u130b\u12e6\u127d \u120a\u1348\u1338\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u127d\u120d \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u133b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u121a\u12f2\u12eb\u12cd \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b \u1325\u12eb\u1244<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u1364<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0\u201c\u121b\u1295 \u1219\u1230\u129b \u1290\u12cd?\u201d \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u201c\u121d\u1295 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1219\u1235\u1293\u1295 \u1240\u120b\u120d\u1363 \u1275\u122d\u134b\u121b\u1293 \u12a8\u1245\u1323\u1275 \u1290\u1343 \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d?\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1362<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><strong><b>5. \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u121b\u1295\u1295 \u12ed\u130e\u12f3\u120d?<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u12ed\u1205 \u12a5\u1305\u130d <strong><b>\u12c8\u1233\u1299\u1293 \u1218\u1220\u122b<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u1273<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244 \u1290\u12cd\u1361\u1361<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u1270\u130e\u1302 \u1270\u122b\u12cd \u12dc\u130b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u12a8\u1218\u12f5\u1283\u1292\u1275\u1363 \u12a8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275\u1363 \u12a8\u12cd\u1283\u1363 \u12a8\u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5\u1293 \u12a8\u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u1270\u12d8\u12cb\u12cd\u122e \u12c8\u12f0 \u130d\u120d \u12aa\u1235 \u1232\u1308\u1263 \u12dc\u130b\u12cd \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u12ed\u12a8\u134d\u120b\u120d\u1364 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u130d\u1265\u122d \u12ed\u12a8\u134d\u120b\u120d\u1363 \u12a8\u12da\u12eb\u121d \u12eb\u120d\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u1260\u130d\u1209 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u12db\u1275 \u12ed\u1308\u12f0\u12f3\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12f5\u1206\u127d\u1293 \u1260\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1230\u1228\u1271 \u12dc\u130e\u127d \u12a8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1320 \u12ed\u130e\u12f3\u1209\u1362 UNODC \u12a5\u1293 Transparency International \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12e8\u1324\u1293\u1363 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1273\u12ca \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12cb\u130b \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1328\u121d\u122d\u1293 \u1270\u12f0\u122b\u123d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1240\u1295\u1235\u1363 \u12f5\u1206\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u1270\u130b\u120b\u132d 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\u127d\u130d\u1229 \u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1208\u1218\u1296\u1229 \u1290\u12cd?<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u1219\u1209 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1215\u130e\u127d\u1293 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u12a0\u120f\u1275\u1362 \u12e8\u1200\u1265\u1275 \u121b\u1233\u12c8\u1242\u12eb\u1293 \u121b\u1235\u1218\u12dd\u1308\u1262\u12eb \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 668\/2010 \u12e8\u1200\u1265\u1275 \u1218\u130d\u1208\u132b \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275\u1295\u1293 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1233\u12f0\u130d\u1363 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u1325\u1245\u121d\u1293 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1225\u122b \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u130b\u1329 \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1308\u1208\u130d\u120d \u12ed\u12f0\u1290\u130d\u130b\u120d\u1362 \u12e82021 \u12e8\u134c\u12f4\u122b\u120d \u12e8\u1225\u1290-\u121d\u130d\u1263\u122d\u1293 \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305\u121d \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1291 \u1290\u1343\u1293 \u1308\u1208\u120d\u1270\u129b \u1206\u1296\u1363 \u1260\u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u122d\u1206\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u122b \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u133b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u1235\u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12cb\u1293\u12cd \u1325\u12eb\u1244<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u1364<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0\u201c\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1208?\u201d \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u201c\u1215\u1309 \u1208\u1201\u1209\u121d \u12a5\u12a9\u120d \u12ed\u1348\u1338\u121b\u120d?<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u1270\u124b\u121b\u1271 \u1260\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u1343 \u1293\u1278\u12cd?<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u1263\u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1296\u127d \u12eb\u1233\u12c8\u1241\u1275 \u1200\u1265\u1275 \u12ed\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1323\u120d? \u12e8\u1328\u1228\u1273 \u12cd\u120e\u127d \u1208\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12ed\u1273\u12eb\u1209? \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1219\u1230\u129e\u127d\u1295 \u1364 \u12d0\u1265\u12ed\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u120a\u12eb\u1235\u122d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d? \u12a6\u12f2\u1275 \u1232\u12eb\u1308\u129d \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u122d\u121d\u1303 \u12ed\u12a8\u1270\u120b\u120d?\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1209\u1275 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<h1><strong><b>8. \u1219\u1235\u1293\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235 \u12ed\u127b\u120b\u120d?<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1300\u121d\u122d \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275\u1362 <\/strong>\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1263\u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1273\u127d\u129b\u12cd \u1220\u122b\u1270\u129b\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a9\u1263\u1295\u12eb\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1215\u130d \u120a\u1218\u12d8\u1295 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u12a8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u1270\u133d\u12d5\u1296 \u1290\u1343 \u120a\u1206\u1291 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1263\u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1293\u1275 \u1200\u1265\u1275 \u1218\u130d\u1208\u132b\u1295 \u12a8\u12c8\u1228\u1240\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u121b\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1325 \u121b\u123b\u1308\u122d\u1362 <\/strong>\u1200\u1265\u1275 \u121b\u1233\u12c8\u1245 \u1265\u127b \u1260\u1242 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1364 \u12a8\u1308\u1262\u1363 \u12a8\u1295\u1265\u1228\u1275\u1363 \u12a8\u12a9\u1263\u1295\u12eb \u1263\u1208\u1264\u1275\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u12a8\u130d\u1265\u122d \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u130b\u122d \u1270\u1218\u1233\u12ad\u122e \u1218\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1325 \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1362 \u12e8\u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1291 \u12e8\u1273\u12c8\u1300 \u1270\u120d\u12d5\u12ae\u121d \u12e8\u1200\u1265\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1308\u1262 \u121d\u1295\u132d\u1295 \u1218\u1218\u12dd\u1308\u1265\u1363 \u1270\u12f0\u122b\u123d \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d\u1293 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b\u1290\u1271\u1295 \u121b\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1325\u1295 \u12ed\u1328\u121d\u122b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u130d\u12e5\u1295 \u1219\u1209 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u12f2\u1302\u1273\u120d\u1293 \u130d\u120d\u133d \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d\u1362 <\/strong>\u1328\u1228\u1273\u12cd\u1363 \u1270\u12c8\u12f3\u12f3\u122a\u12ce\u1279\u1363 \u12a0\u1238\u1293\u134a\u12cd\u1363 \u12e8\u12cd\u1209 \u12cb\u130b\u1363 \u12e8\u12cd\u1209 \u1208\u12cd\u1326\u127d\u1293 \u12e8\u1355\u122e\u1300\u12ad\u1271 \u12a0\u1348\u133b\u1338\u121d \u1260\u1240\u120b\u1209 \u1208\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u120a\u1273\u12e9 \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1362 \u12e82024 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305\u121d \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1270\u12f0\u122b\u123d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u123b\u123b\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u12c8\u1323 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u133b\u120d\u1362 [6]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u12ed\u1270\u130d\u1260\u122d\u1355<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u12a9\u1263\u1295\u12eb \u1263\u1208\u1264\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u130d\u1208\u1325\u1362 <\/strong>\u12e8\u1328\u1228\u1273 \u12a0\u1238\u1293\u134a \u12a9\u1263\u1295\u12eb \u12a8\u1263\u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a8\u1264\u1270\u1230\u1261 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1260\u1240 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u12cd \u1208\u121b\u12c8\u1245 beneficial ownership registry \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u121b\u123b\u123b\u12eb \u12a5\u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u127d \u1290\u12cd\u12ed\u1263\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u12a6\u12f2\u1275 \u12cd\u1324\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u12a8\u122a\u1356\u122d\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u121b\u121d\u1323\u1275\u1362 <\/strong>\u12e8\u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u1309\u12f5\u1208\u1275 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1215\u1308\u12c8\u1325 \u130d\u12e5 \u1260\u12a6\u12f2\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u1308\u1298 \u122a\u1356\u122d\u1271 \u1260\u1218\u12f0\u122d\u12f0\u122a\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u1218\u1245\u1228\u1275 \u12e8\u1208\u1260\u1275\u121d\u1362 \u121b\u1295 \u1270\u1320\u12e8\u1240\u1363 \u121d\u1295 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u1270\u1218\u1208\u1230\u1363 \u121d\u1295 \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1270\u12a8\u1270\u1208 \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1208\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u120a\u1308\u1208\u133d \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1309\u1266 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1262\u122e\u12ad\u122b\u1232 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u121b\u1233\u1320\u122d\u1362 <\/strong>\u134d\u1243\u12f5\u1363 \u130d\u1265\u122d\u1363 \u121d\u12dd\u1308\u1263\u1363 \u1218\u122c\u1275\u1293 \u120c\u120e\u127d \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120e\u1276\u127d \u12f2\u1302\u1273\u120d \u1232\u1206\u1291\u1363 \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u1260\u12a5\u1305 \u1232\u12eb\u1295\u1235\u1293 \u12e8\u12cd\u1233\u1294 \u1202\u12f0\u1275 \u12a0\u12cd\u1276\u121b\u1272\u12ad \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u12cd \u1348\u1243\u12f5 \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1325\u1308\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1240\u1295\u1233\u120d\u1362<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u1218\u1228\u1303 \u12a0\u1240\u1263\u12ee\u127d\u1295\u1363 \u130b\u12dc\u1320\u129e\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u1232\u126a\u120d \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265\u1295 \u1218\u1320\u1260\u1245\u1362 <\/strong>\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1260\u12f5\u1265\u1245 \u12e8\u121a\u12a8\u1293\u12c8\u1295 \u1235\u1208\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1230\u132a\u12ce\u127d\u1293 \u1290\u1343 \u121d\u122d\u1218\u122b \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309 \u121a\u12f2\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1208\u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 Transparency International \u1219\u1235\u1293\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u130b\u1208\u1325 \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u1320\u12e8\u1245 \u12cb\u1293 \u1218\u1223\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u1320\u1241\u121b\u120d\u1362 [11]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u134d\u122d\u12f5\u1293 \u121d\u122d\u1218\u122b \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u121d\u122d\u132b \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d\u1362 <\/strong>\u1340\u1228-\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12d8\u1218\u127b \u1270\u1240\u1293\u1243\u129d\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u121d\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1240\u1219\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u1223\u122a\u12eb \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u122b\u1231 \u120c\u120b \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1265\u120d\u1239\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1348\u1325\u122b\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1348\u133b\u1338\u121d \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303\u1363 \u1260\u12a5\u12a9\u120d\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1260\u1308\u1208\u120d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u120a\u1218\u122b \u12ed\u1308\u1263\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12ae\u121a\u123d\u1295 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305\u121d \u1290\u1343\u1290\u1275\u1295\u1293 \u1308\u1208\u120d\u1270\u129d\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u1260\u1240\u1325\u1273 \u12ed\u1320\u12ed\u1243\u120d\u1362 [12]<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1276\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u1275\u120b\u120d\u1245 \u1355\u122e\u1300\u12ad\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122d\u1362 <\/strong>\u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a9\u1263\u1295\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1265\u12d9 \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265\u1293 \u1295\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u1235\u1208\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f5\u1229 \u12e8\u12cd\u132d \u12a6\u12f2\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1266\u122d\u12f5 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u130d\u12e5 \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u1278\u12cb\u120d\u1362 <strong><b>IMF \u12602025 \u130d\u121d\u1308\u121b\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1276\u127d \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u121b\u123b\u123b\u12eb \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1240\u1325\u120d \u12a0\u1233\u1235\u1267\u120d\u1362 [13]<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12ab \u12e8\u1340\u1228-\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1208\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u121b\u1245\u1228\u1265\u1362 <\/strong>\u201c\u1219\u1235\u1293\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12cb\u130b\u1208\u1295\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1218\u130d\u1208\u132b \u1260\u1242 \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 \u1260\u12e8\u12d3\u1218\u1271 \u1235\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u1200\u1265\u1275 \u1218\u130d\u1208\u132b\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u1228\u130b\u1308\u1321? \u1235\u1295\u1275 \u130d\u132d\u1275-\u1325\u1245\u121d \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u1270\u1308\u1298? \u1235\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u1328\u1228\u1273 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1219\u1209 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u1273\u1270\u1218? \u1235\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u12a6\u12f2\u1275 \u130d\u129d\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1208\u12c8\u1320? \u1235\u1295\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u1270\u1218\u1208\u1230? \u12e8\u121a\u1209 \u1218\u1208\u12aa\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u134b \u1218\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u1208\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1362<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1><strong><b>9. \u1218\u12f0\u121d\u12f0\u121a\u12eb<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><strong><b>\u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u127d\u130d\u122d \u1260\u201c\u1325\u1242\u1275 \u1218\u1325\u134e \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u201d \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u12ed\u1273\u12ed\u121d\u1362<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0\u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u1240\u121d\u1363 \u12e8\u1308\u1295\u12d8\u1265 \u134d\u1230\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1328\u1228\u1273 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1200\u1265\u1275 \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1215\u130d \u12a0\u1348\u133b\u1338\u121d\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1218\u122d\u1218\u122d \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e82025 Transparency International 38\/100 \u12cd\u1324\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u1263\u1295\u12ad 2024 \u201cControl of Corruption\u201d 21.4\/100 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12e9\u1275 \u127d\u130d\u1229 \u1260\u1241\u121d \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1218\u12eb\u12dd \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1208\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1219\u1235\u1293\u1295 \u12e8\u121d\u1273\u1238\u1295\u1348\u12cd \u1265\u12d9 \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1230\u122d \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u12ed\u12f0\u1208\u121d\u1362 <strong>\u1208\u1218\u1235\u1228\u1245 \u12a5\u12f5\u1209\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235\u1363 \u1208\u1218\u12f0\u1260\u1245 \u1266\u1273\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1325\u134b\u1275\u1363 \u1208\u121b\u130b\u1208\u1325 \u12f5\u134d\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1260\u1245 \u12a5\u1293 \u121b\u1295\u121d \u12ed\u1201\u1295 \u12a8\u1215\u130d \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u12e8\u127d\u130d\u1229 \u1218\u1295\u1235\u12a4 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1265\u120d\u133d\u130d\u1293 \u12e8\u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1218\u12f5\u1228\u12ad \u1206\u1297\u120d\u1362 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u201c\u12a0\u1233 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u121b\u12cd \u12a8\u132d\u1295\u1245\u120b\u1271 \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u12a8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u1363 \u1218\u134d\u1275\u1214\u12cd\u121d \u12a8\u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d \u121d\u1233\u120c\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122d \u12a0\u1208\u1260\u1275\u1364 \u130d\u1295 \u12a5\u12da\u12eb \u120b\u12ed \u1218\u1246\u121d \u12e8\u1208\u1260\u1275\u121d\u1362 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u12a8\u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1273\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1230\u122b \u130d\u120d\u133d\u1290\u1275\u1363 \u12a5\u12a9\u120d \u1215\u130d\u1293<\/b><\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u12ab\u120d\u1270\u1308\u1290\u1263\u1363 \u1219\u1235\u1293\u1295 \u1260\u12d8\u1218\u127b \u121b\u1238\u1290\u134d \u12a0\u12ed\u127b\u120d\u121d\u1362<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><strong><b>10. \u121d\u1295\u132e\u127d<\/b><\/strong><\/h1>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Transparency International \u2014 What is corruption?<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/what-is-corruption<\/li>\n<li><strong> Transparency International \u2014 Ethiopia, Corruption Perceptions Index<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/www.transparency.org\/en\/countries\/ethiopia<\/li>\n<li><strong> World Bank \u2014 Worldwide Governance Indicators<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/worldwide-governance-indicators<\/li>\n<li><strong> Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission \u2014 About Us<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/www.feacc.gov.et\/about-us\/<\/li>\n<li><strong> Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission \u2014 Research \/ Index reports<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/www.feacc.gov.et\/index-report\/<\/li>\n<li><strong> Ministry of Justice \u2014 Federal Public Procurement and Property Administration Proclamation<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/justice.gov.et\/en\/law\/the-federal-public-procurement-and-property-administration-proclamation\/<\/li>\n<li><strong> UNODC \u2014 Anti-Corruption educational materials<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/e4j\/en\/anti-corruption\/module-8\/key-issues\/gendered-impacts-of-corruption.html<\/li>\n<li><strong> IMF \u2014 Ethiopia country review \/ beneficial ownership reforms (2026)<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/www.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/journals\/002\/2026\/174\/article-A001-en.xml<\/li>\n<li><strong> Ministry of Justice \u2014 Disclosure and Registration of Assets Proclamation<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/justice.gov.et\/en\/law\/disclosure-and-registration-of-assets-proclamation\/<\/li>\n<li><strong> Ministry of Justice \u2014 Revised Federal Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission Proclamation<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong>https:\/\/justice.gov.et\/en\/law\/revised-federal-ethics-and-anti-corruption-commission-proclamation\/<\/li>\n<li><strong> IMF \u2014 Ethiopia: 2025 Article IV \/ ECF review<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/news\/articles\/2025\/07\/02\/pr-25234-ethiopia-imf-completes-3rd-rev-under-ecf-arrang-and-2025-art-iv-consult\"><u>https:\/\/www.imf.org\/en\/news\/articles\/2025\/07\/02\/pr-25234-ethiopia-imf-completes-3rd-rev-under-ecf-arrang-and-2025-art-iv-consult<\/u><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>August 18, 2026<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0\u201c\u12a0\u1233 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u121b\u12cd \u12a8\u132d\u1295\u1245\u120b\u1271 \u1290\u12cd\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1263\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d \u1225\u1290-\u121d\u130d\u1263\u122d\u1293 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12ad\u1265\u12f0\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1208\u133d \u1260\u1265\u12db\u1275 \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u121b\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12c8\u1208\u12f5\u1293 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u122d \u1328\u12ab\u129d\u1293 \u12a0\u1228\u1218\u1294 \u120a\u1263\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u127d\u120d\u1364 \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u134d\u122b\u123d\u1364 \u1215\u12dd\u1261\u1295 \u12a5\u122d\u1235 \u1260\u122d\u1231 \u12eb\u1293\u12a8\u1230\u1364 \u12eb\u12f0\u12b8\u12e8\u1364 \u12e8\u1291\u122e \u12cd\u12f5\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12eb\u1263\u1263\u1230\u1364 \u12f0\u121d \u121b\u134d\u1230\u1235\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1218\u122d\u1205 \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1270\u1208 \u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12c8\u12eb\u1294\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u1295 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u1293 \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u121b\u122d\u12a8\u12cd \u1325\u1242\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u121a\u120a\u12e8\u1290\u122d\u1293 \u1262\u120a\u12e8\u1290\u122d \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275\u1364\u00a0\u201c\u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1273\u12ca \u121d\u12dd\u1260\u122b\u201d\u00a0\u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1203\u134d \u1260\u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1270\u12f0\u130d\u134c \u1208\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12ca\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1245\u122d\u1264\u12eb\u1208\u1201\u1362 \u12d0\u1265\u12ed \u12a0\u1205\u1218\u12f5 \u12a2\u1205\u12a0\u12f4\u130d\u1295 \u12a0\u134d\u122d\u1236 \u201c\u1265\u120d\u133d\u130d\u1293\u1295\u201d \u12a8\u1270\u12ab \u1260\u128b\u120b\u1364\u00a0\u12e8\u120c\u1265\u1290\u1275\u1363\u00a0\u1219\u1235\u1293\u1363\u00a0\u1265\u120d\u130d\u1293\u00a0\u12a5\u1293\u00a0\u1215\u1308\u12c8\u1325\u1290\u1275 \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1205\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1261\u1295 \u1232\u12eb\u1230\u1243\u12e8\u12cd \u12ed\u1273\u12eb\u120d\u1362 \u120c\u1265\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u1219\u1235\u1293 \u1218\u12f5\u1283\u1292\u1275 \u12e8\u120c\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u1260\u123d\u1273 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1208\u1308\u121b\u12cd \u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u120c\u1265\u1290\u1275\u1364 \u1219\u1235\u1293\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f5\u12f0\u122d \u1265\u120d\u123d\u1275\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1320\u12eb\u1242\u12cd \u121b\u1290\u12cd? \u1260\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u1208\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1291 \u1265\u120e \u1295\u1339\u1200\u1295\u1295 \u1260\u12f5\u122e\u1295\u1364 \u1273\u1295\u12ad\u1293 \u121e\u122d\u1273\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1328\u1348\u132d\u1348\u12cd \u12e8\u1235\u122d\u12d3\u1271 \u1218\u122a\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u12a8\u1263\u122a \u12e8\u1265\u120d\u133d\u130d\u1293\u12cd \u1218\u122a \u12d0\u1265\u12ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":200198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-200527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=200527"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":200531,"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/200527\/revisions\/200531"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/200198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=200527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=200527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=200527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}