{"id":200316,"date":"2026-05-05T07:37:43","date_gmt":"2026-05-05T14:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/?p=200316"},"modified":"2026-05-05T09:05:52","modified_gmt":"2026-05-05T16:05:52","slug":"%e1%88%98%e1%88%ac%e1%88%9b%e1%8a%95-%e1%8d%8d%e1%88%88%e1%8c%8b-%e1%89%a0%e1%88%9b%e1%8a%95%e1%8b%b0%e1%8d%8d%e1%88%ae-%e1%8c%b8%e1%8c%8b%e1%8b%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/?p=200316","title":{"rendered":"\u1218\u122c\u121b\u1295 \u134d\u1208\u130b &#8211; \u1260\u121b\u1295\u12f0\u134d\u122e \u1338\u130b\u12ec"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong><b>\u1260\u12dc\u121b \u12e8\u1273\u1300\u1260 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1309\u12de \u1363 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1295 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1293 \u12e8\u1215\u120d\u12cd\u1293 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1276\u127d<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-200317 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/12346777.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"644\" height=\"396\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/12346777.jpg 644w, https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/12346777-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/amharic.zehabesha.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/12346777-60x37.jpg 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u121a\u12eb\u12da\u12eb 2018 \u12d3.\u121d<\/p>\n<p>\u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1363 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb<\/p>\n<p>\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120e<\/p>\n<p>\u12ed\u1205 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12e8\u12a0\u122d\u1272\u1235\u1275 \u1274\u12f2 \u12a0\u134d\u122e \u201c\u1218\u122c\u121b\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1225\u122b\u12c8\u1295 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\u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0.)\u00a0\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1263\u122e\u127d (\u121b\u1219\u1209\u12ad) \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1260\u1325 \u12d8\u1262\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u1208150 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1232\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f5\u1229 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1210\u1260\u123e\u127d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u12a8\u12a0\u121b\u122b \u1290\u1308\u12f5 \u130b\u122d \u1240\u1325\u1273 \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1362 \u1219\u1238\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1235\u12a8\u134a \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u1291\u122e \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12c9\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1356\u120a\u1272\u12ab\u12ca\u1363 \u121d\u1323\u1294 \u1200\u1265\u1273\u12ca \u12a5\u1293 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u1308\u1208\u120d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 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\u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1270\u1320\u1245\u121e \u1275\u12cd\u120d\u12f5\u1295 \u12ab\u1208\u1348\u12cd \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1230\u1295\u1230\u1208\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u121b\u1308\u1293\u1298\u1275 \u12e8\u127b\u1208 \u122d\u12a5\u1230 \u12a0\u122d\u1272\u1235\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a8\u1348\u1320\u122b \u1225\u122b\u12ce\u1279 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u121a\u12eb\u12da\u12eb 8\/8\/2018 \u12d3.\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u1240\u1240\u12cd \u1263\u1208 18 \u12d8\u1348\u1296\u127d \u12a0\u120d\u1260\u121d \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 15<sup>\u129b <\/sup>\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u201c\u1218\u122c\u121b\u201d \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1298\u12cd \u12f5\u1295\u1245 \u1225\u122b\u12cd\u1363 \u12dd\u121d \u1265\u120e \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u1218\u1325 \u12dc\u121b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1320\u134b\u1295\u1363 \u1230\u121a \u12eb\u1323\u12cd\u1295 \u1270\u1308\u134d\u1276 \u12e8\u1270\u1323\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1328\u1246\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u1363 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\u12a5\u1295\u1348\u1275\u123b\u1208\u1295\u1362<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca \u12f3\u122b\u1361 \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1275 \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u121b\u12f6 \u12f0\u1261\u1263\u12ca \u12e8\u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1215\u122d \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1308\u133d\u1273 \u1260\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1240\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12d3\u1228\u1265 \u1263\u1215\u1228 \u1308\u1265 \u1218\u122c\u1275 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295\u1363 \u12e8\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1266\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u120d\u12cd\u12cd\u1325 \u1208\u1228\u1305\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u1232\u12eb\u1235\u1270\u1293\u130d\u12f5 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1363 \u1356\u120a\u1272\u12ab\u1363 \u12a5\u1293 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12e8\u1225\u1290 \u1291\u1263\u122c \u1295\u1323\u134d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12f5\u1295\u1260\u122d \u1270\u123b\u130b\u122a \u1201\u1208\u1295\u1270\u1293\u12ca \u12a0\u123b\u122b \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 (\u12606<sup>\u129b\u12cd <\/sup>\u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295)\u00a0\u12a5\u1293\u00a0\u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 (\u12a81022\u20131158 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0.) \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1260\u1272\u1203\u121b \u1246\u120b\u121b \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1270 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u12e8\u1231\u1292 \u12a4\u121a\u122c\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362\u00a0\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295\u1363 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1260\u1302\u12a6\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca\u1363 \u12c8\u1230\u1295 \u1270\u123b\u130b\u122a \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1245\u134d \u12e8\u1263\u1215\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u12e8\u1326\u1348\u1260\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1263\u1215\u120d \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362\u00a0\u12ed\u1205 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265 \u1265\u122d\u1271 \u12a0\u1218\u122b\u122d \u12e8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u12a2\u121d\u1353\u12e8\u122d \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u12d3\u1228\u1265 \u120d\u1233\u1290 \u121d\u12f5\u122d \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u12e8\u1270\u12d8\u1228\u130b\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u134d \u1206\u1296 \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1243\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12db\u122c\u12cb \u1230\u121c\u1293\u12ca \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a5\u1293 \u12a4\u122d\u1275\u122b \u12f0\u130b\u121b \u1266\u1273\u12ce\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1270\u1218\u1235\u122d\u1276 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u1363 \u12a8\u121c\u12f2\u1275\u122b\u1292\u12eb\u1295 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1215\u1295\u12f5 \u12cd\u1245\u12eb\u1296\u1235 \u12e8\u121a\u12d8\u1228\u130b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u1218\u1235\u1218\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122d\u1363 \u12a8\u1262\u12db\u1295\u1273\u12ed\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1233\u1233\u1292\u12f5 \u134b\u122d\u1235 \u130d\u12db\u1276\u127d \u130b\u122d \u12a5\u12a9\u120d \u1270\u12f0\u121b\u132d\u1290\u1275 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1206\u1296 \u12c8\u1325\u1276 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12a5\u1208 \u12a0\u133d\u1265\u1210 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1204\u1208\u1235\u1274\u12ee\u1235 \u1260\u121a\u1209 \u1235\u121e\u127d \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12f5\u122d\u1233\u1293\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1240\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265 \u12d8\u1218\u1290 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u1363 \u12a8514 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 542 \u12d3.\u121d \u12e8\u12d8\u1208\u1240 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1364 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1260\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u130d\u12db\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u12e8\u1273\u12e8\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u1219\u1295\u122e \u1203\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1232\u120d \u1260\u1218\u133d\u1200\u1349 \u1320\u1245\u1236\u1273\u120d\u1361<\/p>\n<p>Another hero in Aksumite legend was king Kaleb, also called Ella Atsbeha. He was regarded as a great conqueror and Christian hero whose expedition to suppress the persecution of his co-religionists in the Yemen by the Jewish king there caused his name to be famous throughout the Christian world.<\/p>\n<p>\u1260\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12a0\u1348 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u120c\u120b\u129b\u12cd \u1300\u130d\u1293 \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u12ab\u120c\u1265\u00a0\u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12a5\u1208 \u12a0\u133d\u1265\u1210\u00a0\u1270\u1265\u120e\u121d \u12ed\u1320\u122b\u120d\u1362 \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u1273\u120b\u1245 \u12f5\u120d \u12a0\u12f5\u122b\u130a \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1300\u130d\u1293 \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u130e \u12ed\u1246\u1320\u122b\u120d\u1364 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12a0\u12ed\u1201\u12f3\u12ca \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1260\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12c8\u1308\u1296\u1279 \u120b\u12ed \u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1235 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u12f0\u1275 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u1246\u121d \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u12d8\u1218\u127b\u1363 \u1235\u1219 \u1260\u1218\u120b\u12cd \u12e8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1273\u12c8\u1245\u1293 \u12dd\u1290\u129b \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e\u1273\u120d\u1362\u00a0\u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12e8\u122b\u1234\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12a0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1323\u120d\u1243 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1308\u1261 \u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u130b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d \u1208\u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u1218\u1218\u122d\u1218\u122d \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u130b\u120d\u1362 \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1208\u127d \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1233\u1275\u1206\u1295 \u1260\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12f2\u1355\u120e\u121b\u1232 \u1225\u122d\u12d3\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12cb\u1290\u129b \u1270\u12cb\u1293\u12ed \u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u1362\u00a0\u12e8\u134b\u122d\u1231\u00a0\u12e8\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1218\u122a \u121b\u1292\u00a0\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12603<sup>\u129b\u12cd <\/sup>\u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u1273\u120b\u120b\u1245 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u121b\u1208\u1275\u121d \u134b\u122d\u1235\u1363 \u122e\u121d \u12a5\u1293 \u127b\u12ed\u1293 \u1232\u1206\u1291 \u12a8\u1290\u1231 \u130b\u122d \u1275\u1246\u1320\u122d\u00a0\u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u122d \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u121d\u1327\u120d\u1362\u00a0\u12ed\u1205\u121d \u12f0\u1228\u1303\u12cb \u1260\u12a0\u12f1\u120a\u1235 \u12c8\u12f0\u1265 \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u1260\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1275 \u1241\u1325\u1325\u122d \u12e8\u1338\u1293 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12c8\u12f0\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12dd\u1206\u1295 \u1325\u122d\u1235\u1363 \u12c8\u122d\u1245\u1363 \u12d5\u1323\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u1228\u130d\u12f5 \u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u121d\u122d\u1276\u127d \u12a8\u122e\u121d\u1363 \u12a8\u1215\u1295\u12f5 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1232\u122a\u120b\u1295\u12ab \u12a8\u121a\u1218\u1321 \u12e8\u1245\u1295\u1326\u1275 \u12d5\u1243\u12ce\u127d \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cb\u12c8\u1321\u1260\u1275 \u12cb\u1293 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12a0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1323\u120d\u1243 \u1308\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1309 \u12e8\u1240\u1230\u1240\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u12cb\u1293 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1260\u1215\u121d\u12eb\u122d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1273\u12e8\u12cd \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12605\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1218\u1308\u1263\u12f0\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u12e8\u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1215\u122d \u12f3\u122d\u127b\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12a0\u121d\u120b\u12ad \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1275 (Monotheism) \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1235\u134b\u134b \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12604\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1344 \u12a2\u12db\u1293 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1275\u1293\u1295 \u1235\u1275\u1240\u1260\u120d\u1363 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u1215\u121d\u12eb\u122d \u1218\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u130d\u1295 \u1260\u1295\u1309\u1225\u00a0\u12e9\u1231\u134d \u12a0\u1235\u12a0\u122d \u12eb\u1273\u122d (\u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12f1 \u1291\u12cb\u1235)\u00a0\u1218\u122a\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ed\u1201\u12f5\u1295 \u12a5\u121d\u1290\u1275\u00a0\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1270\u1240\u1260\u1209\u1362 \u12f1 \u1291\u12cb\u1235 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1270\u133d\u12d5\u1296 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u12c8\u1308\u12f5 \u1246\u122d\u1326\u00a0\u1270\u1290\u1233\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1260522 \u12d3.\u121d \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u1363 \u12f1 \u1291\u12cb\u1235 \u1260\u130d\u12db\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1263\u1209 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1296\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1230\u1348\u122e\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u1325\u1243\u1275 \u1230\u1290\u12d8\u1228\u1362 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u1260\u1215\u121d\u12eb\u122d \u12cb\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1260\u12db\u134b\u122d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275\u1295 \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121b\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1325\u1243\u1275 \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1243\u1320\u1209\u1362 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12d8\u130d\u1293\u129d \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1338\u1218\u12cd \u1260524 \u12d3.\u121d \u1260\u1293\u130d\u122b\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u1293\u130d\u122b\u1295 \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u1263\u1275 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1290\u1260\u1228\u127d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1293\u130d\u122b\u1295 \u1208\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12c8\u122b\u1275 \u1260\u1270\u12a8\u1260\u1260\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1290\u12cb\u122a\u12ce\u127f \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1270\u130b\u12f5\u120e \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1308\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12f1 \u1291\u12cb\u1235 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u12cb\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u120b\u121d \u12a8\u1230\u1321 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1309\u12f3\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121b\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1235 \u1243\u120d \u1308\u1265\u1276 \u12a8\u1308\u1263 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u130d\u1295 \u1230\u1245\u1323\u132d \u132d\u134d\u1328\u134b \u1348\u1338\u1219\u1362\u00a0\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u201c\u12e8\u1215\u121d\u12eb\u122b\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d\u201d (Book of the Himyarites)\u00a0\u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u1295\u132e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1308\u120d\u1339\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u123a\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1320\u1229 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1296\u127d \u1260\u12a5\u1233\u1275 \u1309\u12f5\u1313\u12f5 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u1270\u1243\u1325\u1208\u12cb\u120d (\u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1260\u1241\u122d\u12a3\u1295 \u201c\u12e8\u1309\u12f5\u1313\u12f1 \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u201d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1237\u120d)\u1362\u00a0\u12e8\u121f\u127e\u127d \u1241\u1325\u122d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 70,000 \u12ed\u12f0\u122d\u1233\u120d \u1262\u1263\u120d\u121d\u1363 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u1275\u12ad\u12ad\u1208\u129b \u12e8\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u1233\u1263\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u12f5\u1295\u130b\u12ed \u120b\u12ed \u133d\u1211\u134e\u127d 12,000 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1218\u1308\u12f0\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 11,000 \u1218\u121b\u1228\u12ab\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u1320\u1245\u1233\u1209\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12ed\u1205 \u132d\u134d\u1328\u134b \u1260\u1218\u120b\u12cd \u12e8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1241\u1323\u1295 \u1240\u1230\u1240\u1230\u1362 \u12a8\u1293\u130d\u122b\u1295 \u12eb\u1218\u1208\u1321 \u1235\u12f0\u1270\u129e\u127d \u1262\u12db\u1295\u1273\u12ed\u1295 \u12f0\u122d\u1230\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u12f3\u1273 \u1320\u12e8\u1241\u1362 \u12e8\u1262\u12db\u1295\u1273\u12ed\u1291 \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1300\u1235\u1272\u1295 \u1240\u12f3\u121b\u12ca \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u1260\u1242 \u12e8\u1263\u1215\u122d \u1283\u12ed\u120d \u1235\u120b\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1363 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a5\u1235\u12ad\u1295\u12f5\u122d\u12eb\u12cd \u1353\u1275\u122d\u12eb\u122d\u12ad \u1322\u121e\u1274\u12ce\u1235 \u12a0\u122b\u1270\u129b \u12f0\u1265\u12f3\u1264 \u1260\u1218\u120b\u12ad \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1208\u12da\u1205 \u12f5\u122d\u130a\u1275 \u12a0\u1338\u134b \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1218\u120d\u1235 \u1325\u122a \u12a0\u1240\u1228\u1260\u1362 \u12a0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265\u121d \u12e8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12c8\u1295\u12f5\u121e\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12f0\u121d \u1208\u1218\u1260\u1240\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d\u1295 \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1218\u1208\u1235 \u12d8\u1218\u127b\u12cd\u1295 \u1300\u1218\u1229\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12ed\u1205 \u12d8\u1218\u127b \u12606<sup>\u129b\u12cd<\/sup>\u00a0\u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a8\u1273\u12e9\u1275 \u1273\u120b\u120b\u1245 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12a0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265 \u12a8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1218\u12f0\u1260\u129b \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12cd\u1323\u1323 \u12a870,000 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 100,000 \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u122d\u1235 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122d \u12a0\u1230\u1263\u1230\u1261\u1362 \u12cb\u1293\u12cd \u1348\u1270\u1293 \u12ed\u1205\u1295 \u130d\u12d9\u134d \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u1260\u1263\u1215\u122d \u121b\u123b\u1308\u122d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12e8\u1262\u12db\u1295\u1273\u12ed\u1295 \u121d\u1295\u132e\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1320\u1241\u1219\u1275\u1363 \u122e\u121b\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1208\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u1218\u123b\u1308\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1291 70 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1218\u122d\u12a8\u1266\u127d \u1260\u12a0\u12f1\u120a\u1235 \u12c8\u12f0\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1308\u1290\u1261 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1230\u1293\u12f1 \u1228\u12f5\u1270\u12cb\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12d8\u1218\u127b\u12cd \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u12ca \u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u130e \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u12f0\u12cd\u1362 \u201c\u1308\u12f5\u1208 \u12ab\u120c\u1265\u201d\u00a0\u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1270\u122d\u12a8\u12cd\u1363 \u1295\u1309\u1221 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u133d\u12ee\u1295 \u121b\u122d\u12eb\u121d \u1264\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1295\u1309\u1223\u12ca \u120d\u1265\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u12cd\u120d\u1240\u12cd \u121b\u1245 \u1208\u1265\u1230\u12cd\u1363 \u12a5\u130d\u12da\u12a0\u1265\u1214\u122d \u12f5\u120d\u1295 \u12a8\u1230\u1323\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1275\u1270\u12cd \u1218\u1290\u12a9\u1234 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1206\u1291 \u1270\u1233\u1209\u1362 \u12f5\u1209 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1298\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u1270\u12a0\u121d\u122b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12ed\u1290\u1308\u122b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1260\u12a5\u12cd\u1290\u1273\u12cd \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u1308\u1263\u12db \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u1266\u1273 \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u121b\u1228\u134d \u12a8\u1215\u121d\u12eb\u122d \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u1308\u1320\u1218\u1362 \u12f1 \u1291\u12cb\u1235 \u12e8\u1263\u1215\u122d \u12f3\u122d\u127b\u12cd\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u1295\u1230\u1208\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1246\u1208\u134d \u1208\u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u1262\u121e\u12ad\u1229\u121d\u1363 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u12eb\u12cd\u1295 \u1325\u1230\u12cd \u1308\u1261\u1362 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1271 \u12a0\u132d\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12e8\u1215\u121d\u12eb\u122d \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u1219\u1209 \u1260\u1219\u1209 \u1270\u1238\u1290\u1348\u1362 \u12f1 \u1291\u12cb\u1235 \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1273\u1271 \u1232\u12f0\u1218\u1230\u1235 \u12a5\u1293 \u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u1235\u1275\u121b\u1228\u12ad \u1232\u12eb\u12e9\u1363 \u1260\u1320\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1305 \u12a8\u1218\u12cd\u12f0\u1245 \u12ed\u120d\u1245 \u1260\u1348\u1228\u1233\u1278\u12cd \u12c8\u12f0 \u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1215\u122d \u1260\u1218\u130d\u1263\u1275 \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a0\u1320\u1349\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1308\u12f0\u122b (\u12d8\u130d\u12f1\u122d \u120a\u1206\u1295\u121d \u12ed\u127d\u120b\u120d) \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u130b\u1232 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1215\u122d\u1295 \u1270\u123b\u130d\u122e \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u12d3\u1228\u1265\u1295 \u12e8\u12eb\u12d8 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1322\u1203\u121b\u1363 \u1293\u130d\u122b\u1295\u1363 \u12a0\u120d \u121b\u12d5\u134b\u122a\u1363 \u12db\u134b\u122d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12f0\u130b\u121b\u12cd\u1295 \u1230\u121c\u1295 \u1210\u121b\u122a\u1295 \u1328\u121d\u122e \u1260\u1215\u121d\u12eb\u122a\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1233\u1263\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1325\u121d\u1228\u1275 \u1270\u1308\u134d\u1276 \u12a5\u1235\u12aa\u12c8\u1323 \u12f5\u1228\u1235\u1363 \u1260\u1235\u1229 \u1232\u1308\u12db \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1290\u1260\u122d \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12f5\u122d\u1233\u1293\u1275 \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u1209\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u1235\u134b\u134b\u1275 \u1260\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u12ca \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265\u1363 \u1260\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u134d\u120b\u130e\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1235\u1275\u122b\u1274\u1302\u12ab\u12ca \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a\u1290\u1275 \u1270\u1308\u134b\u134d\u1276\u1363 \u1260525 \u12d3.\u121d \u1260\u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u12d3\u1228\u1262\u12eb \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1215\u121d\u12eb\u122d \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1260\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u1225\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1320\u1243\u1208\u120d \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1313\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a\u12eb\u12ca \u120d\u121b\u1275 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205\u1295 \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u1218\u1235\u1218\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u1218\u1320\u1260\u1245 \u12a0\u1245\u121f \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1270 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12e8\u134b\u122d\u1231 \u1233\u1233\u1292\u12f5 \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u12e8\u1210\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1245\u1218\u121b \u1245\u1218\u121d \u1295\u130d\u12f5\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1246\u1323\u1320\u122d \u1260\u1218\u121e\u12a8\u1229 \u12a8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u130b\u122d \u1270\u1240\u1293\u1243\u129d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205\u121d \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u12e8\u1262\u12db\u1295\u1273\u12ed\u1295 \u130d\u12db\u1275\u1363 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1295\u1309\u1225\u00a0\u1300\u1235\u1272\u1295 \u1240\u12f3\u121b\u12ca \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u1260\u1300\u1235\u1272\u1292\u12eb\u1295 \u1240\u12f3\u121b\u12ca \u12d8\u1218\u1295\u1363 \u134b\u122d\u1235\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u12a8\u120b\u12a8\u120d \u12a8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1320\u1260\u1240 \u12c8\u12f3\u1305\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1218\u1235\u1228\u1275 \u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1275\u1265\u1265\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u12ca \u12a0\u1295\u12f5\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1270 \u12f2\u1355\u120e\u121b\u1232\u12eb\u12ca \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u1270\u133d\u12d5\u1296 \u12eb\u1260\u1243\u12cd \u1260\u1233\u1233\u1292\u12f5 \u134b\u122d\u1235 \u1323\u120d\u1243 \u1308\u1265\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260570 \u12d3.\u121d \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12e8\u12a0\u1265\u122d\u1203 \u120d\u1306\u127d (\u12eb\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u1235\u1229\u1245) \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u1215\u121d\u12eb\u122b\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1270\u1240\u1263\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1321\u1362 \u1230\u12ed\u134d \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u12f2 \u12eb\u12db\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u12e8\u1212\u121d\u12eb\u122d \u1218\u12ae\u1295\u1295 \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121b\u12cd\u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1263\u1228\u122d \u12a5\u122d\u12f3\u1273 \u1348\u120d\u130e \u12c8\u12f0 \u134b\u122d\u1231 \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1216\u1235\u122e \u1240\u12f3\u121b\u12ca \u1204\u12f0\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1218\u1325\u134b\u1275 \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12a8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u1283\u12eb\u120d\u1290\u1277 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u12c8\u122d\u12f5\u1260\u1275 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u1260541-542 \u12d3.\u121d \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1270\u12cd \u12e8\u1300\u1235\u1272\u1292\u12eb\u1295 \u12c8\u1228\u122d\u123d\u129d (Plague of Justinian) \u12e8\u1215\u12dd\u1261\u1295 \u1241\u1325\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1240\u1290\u1235 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271\u1295 \u12a0\u1245\u121d \u12a0\u12f3\u12ad\u121e\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u1348\u122d \u1218\u1238\u122d\u1238\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1270\u1348\u1325\u122e \u1218\u1218\u1293\u1218\u1295 \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u1209\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12f0\u1261\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1238\u130b\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u1308\u12cd\u1273\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1216\u1235\u122e 800 \u1308\u12f0\u121b \u12e8\u134b\u122d\u1235 \u1348\u1228\u1230\u129e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1300\u1290\u122b\u120d \u12cb\u1205\u122c\u12dd \u1218\u122a\u1290\u1275 \u120b\u12a8\u1362 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12e8\u134b\u122d\u1235 \u1326\u122d \u1260\u1241\u1325\u122d \u1325\u1242\u1275 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d\u1363 \u201c\u1353\u1295\u1302\u130b\u1295\u201d \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12d8\u1218\u1293\u12ca \u12e8\u134d\u120b\u133b \u1218\u1270\u12ae\u123b \u1218\u1223\u122a\u12eb \u1260\u1218\u1320\u1240\u121b\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d\u1295 \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u12f5\u120d \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u1309\u1362\u00a0\u1260\u1230\u1295\u12d3 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1235\u1229\u1245 \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u12a0\u1265\u122d\u1203 \u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1208\u1363 \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121b\u12cd\u12eb\u1295\u121d \u12a8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1270\u1263\u1228\u1229\u1362 \u1260578 \u12d3.\u121d\u00a0(\u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0)\u00a0\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u134b\u122d\u1235 \u130d\u12db\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u120d \u1206\u1290\u127d\u1364 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u120860 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u12e8\u12d8\u1208\u1240\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u12a0\u1260\u1243\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12607\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u12a5\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1293 \u1218\u1290\u1233\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1215\u122d \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u1218\u1235\u1218\u122e\u127d \u1260\u1219\u1235\u120a\u121d \u12a0\u1228\u1266\u127d \u1218\u12eb\u12dd \u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d\u1295 \u12a8\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u12a0\u1308\u1208\u120b\u1275\u1362 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265 \u12dd\u1293 \u130d\u1295 \u1338\u1295\u1276 \u1296\u122f\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235\u1363 \u1260\u121d\u1225\u122b\u1245 \u12a6\u122d\u1276\u12f6\u12ad\u1235 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u122e\u121b \u12ab\u1276\u120a\u12ad \u12a0\u1265\u12eb\u1270 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1293\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u1270\u1246\u1325\u1228\u12cd \u12ed\u12a8\u1260\u122b\u1209\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u12a0\u1344 \u12ab\u120c\u1265 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a0\u1295\u12f2\u1275 \u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab\u12ca\u1275 \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275\u1295 \u1273\u120b\u120b\u1245 \u1283\u12ed\u120e\u127d \u1260\u1218\u130b\u1348\u1325 \u12e8\u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1275\u1293 \u1218\u12a8\u1273 \u12e8\u1206\u1290\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12e8\u130d\u12d5\u12dd \u133d\u1211\u134e\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1271 \u1218\u1243\u1265\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u12da\u12eb\u1295 \u1273\u120b\u1245 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1215\u122d \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u121d\u1235\u12ad\u122e\u127d \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12db\u122c\u121d \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1362<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 (Najahid Dynasty) \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121a\u12db\u1295 \u1232\u1348\u1270\u123d \u201c\u12a8\u1263\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1295\u130d\u1225\u1293\u201d\u00a0\u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u12a0\u1235\u1308\u122b\u121a \u123d\u130d\u130d\u122d\u1295\u1293 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u121d\u12f5\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1273\u12e8\u1295 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b\u12ce\u127d (\u12e8\u12a0\u1262\u1232\u1292\u12eb\u12cd\u12eb\u1295) \u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u12c8\u12ad\u120d \u133d\u1295\u1230-\u1210\u1233\u1265 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1240\u12cd \u1260\u1240\u12f5\u121e\u12cd \u12e8\u12da\u12eb\u12f5 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u1273\u1273\u122a \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u122a\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1293 \u1260\u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1320\u1263\u1242\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1241 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d\u1363 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u12ad\u134d\u1270\u1275 \u1270\u1320\u1245\u1218\u12cd \u126011\u129b\u12cd \u1218\u1276 \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u122b\u1233\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u127b\u1208 \u1209\u12d3\u120b\u12ca \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1218\u1225\u1228\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u127b\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d \u12e8\u12d8\u1262\u12f5\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u121b\u12a5\u12a8\u120d \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12e8\u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1215\u122d\u1295 \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u1218\u1235\u1218\u122d\u1293 \u12e8\u1263\u1215\u122d \u12f3\u122d\u127b\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1208150 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1246\u1323\u1320\u1229 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134b\u12ca \u130d\u1265\u12ed\u1275\u1293 \u1302\u12a6-\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b\u00a0\u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12c8\u1233\u129d \u121a\u1293 \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u121d\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u1325\u1241\u122d \u1215\u12dd\u1266\u127d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b\u12ce\u127d \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1235\u1275\u122b\u1274\u1302\u1363 \u12e8\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1294 \u130d\u1295\u1263\u1273 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1263\u12d5\u12f5 \u12a0\u1308\u122d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1338\u1293 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u1270\u133d\u12d5\u1296 \u121b\u1233\u1228\u134d \u12e8\u127b\u1209\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u1265\u122d\u1245\u12ec \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u12d5\u122b\u134d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1218\u1208\u12ad\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u12f5\u1225\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a\u1290\u1275 \u12a8\u1246\u12e8\u1260\u1275 \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12d8\u120d\u1245 \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u201c\u12a0\u121b\u122b\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u12eb\u121c \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1265\u1214\u122d \u1218\u1308\u1208\u132b \u12a8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1219 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121b\u1235\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u12a8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u1279 \u12e8\u12cd\u132d \u121d\u1295\u132e\u127d \u12a0\u1295\u12f1 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1208\u12db\u122c\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u120d-\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1295 (\u1240\u12f0\u121d \u1232\u120d \u12a0\u120d-\u12a0\u12bd\u12f3\u121d \u12ed\u1263\u1209 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275) \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1218\u1308\u1208\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u1308\u1208\u130d\u120b\u120d\u1362 \u1290\u1305\u121d \u12a0\u12f0-\u12f2\u1295 \u12d1\u121b\u122b\u1205 \u12a0\u120d-\u1210\u12a8\u121a\u00a0\u201c\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a0\u120d-\u12e8\u1218\u1295\u201d (Tarikh al-Yaman) \u1260\u121a\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12f5\u122d\u1233\u1291 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d (\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d) \u12a0\u1308\u12db\u12dd \u1260\u12dd\u122d\u12dd\u122d \u1218\u12dd\u130d\u1267\u120d\u1362\u12d1\u121b\u122b\u1205 \u1260\u1218\u133d\u1210\u1349 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d\u1295 \u1325\u1295\u12ab\u122c\u1363 \u12e8\u12db\u1262\u12f5 (Zabid) \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1295 \u12cd\u1260\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1294 \u1308\u120d\u133f\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d\u1363 \u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275\u1364 \u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u1220\u122b\u12ca\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12cd\u130a\u12eb \u1265\u1243\u1275\u1364 \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u12f5 \u120d\u12cd\u12cd\u1325 \u1260\u121a\u1308\u1263 \u12a0\u1235\u134d\u122f\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u1293\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12e8\u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1245\u12f0\u121d \u1270\u12a8\u1270\u120d\u00a0(\u12d8\u1262\u12f5 \u12e8\u1218\u1295)\u1363<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><b>\u1270.\u1241<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong><b>\u12e8\u1295\u1309\u1231 \u1235\u121d<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong><b>\u12e8\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1293 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 (\u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0 \u1260\u130d\u121d\u1275)<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"356\"><strong><b>\u121b\u1265\u122b\u122a\u12eb<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>\u1290\u1303\u1215<\/td>\n<td>\u12a81022\u20131060 \u12d3.\u121d.<\/td>\n<td width=\"356\">\u1218\u1235\u122b\u127d\u1364 \u1260\u12db\u1262\u12f5 (Zabid) \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12c8\u1323 \u12a0\u1262\u1232\u1292\u12eb\u12ca (\u1210\u1260\u123b) \u1263\u122a\u12eb \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>\u1230\u12d2\u12f5 \u12a0\u120d-\u12a0\u1215\u12cb\u120d<\/td>\n<td>\u12a81060\u20131063 \u12d3.\u121d.<\/td>\n<td width=\"356\">\u12e8\u1293\u1303\u1205 \u120d\u1305\u1364 \u12a0\u132d\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12eb\u120d\u1270\u1228\u130b\u130b \u12e8\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1293 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>\u1300\u12eb\u123d \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u1293\u1303\u1205<\/td>\n<td>\u12a81063\u20131086 \u12d3.\u121d.<\/td>\n<td width=\"356\">\u12a8\u1231\u1208\u12ed\u1202\u12f6\u127d \u132b\u1293 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u1293\u1303\u1202\u12f6\u127d\u1295 \u1235\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1218\u120d\u1236 \u12eb\u1320\u1293\u12a8\u1228\u1362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>\u12a0\u120d-\u134b\u1272\u12ad \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u1300\u12eb\u123d<\/td>\n<td>\u12a81086\u20131109 \u12d3.\u121d.<\/td>\n<td width=\"356\">\u12a0\u1295\u133b\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u1228\u130b\u130b\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u1320\u1293\u12a8\u122d \u12e8\u1273\u12e8\u1260\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275\u1362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>\u1218\u1295\u1231\u122d \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u12a0\u120d-\u134b\u1272\u12ad\u00a0(Man\u1e63\u016br ibn al-Fatik)<\/td>\n<td>\u126012\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb<\/td>\n<td width=\"356\">\u12e8\u123d\u130d\u130d\u122d \u12c8\u1245\u1275\u1364 \u12e8\u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1218\u12a8\u134b\u1348\u120d \u1218\u1273\u12e8\u1275 \u12e8\u1300\u1218\u1228\u1260\u1275 \u130a\u12dc\u1362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>\u1243\u12ed\u12f5 \u12a0\u1261 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1231\u1229\u122d<\/td>\n<td>\u126011\u129b\u12cd \u12ad.\u12d8 \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d (\u12a0\u12a8\u122b\u12ab\u122a)<\/td>\n<td width=\"356\">\u12a0\u1265\u122e \u1308\u12e5 \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1270\u1240\u1293\u1243\u129d \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1240\u122d\u121d\u1364 \u1201\u120d\u130a\u12dc \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1265\u1278\u129b \u1308\u12e5 \u12a0\u12ed\u1246\u1320\u122d\u121d\u1362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>\u12a0\u120d-\u134b\u1272\u12ad \u1233\u120d\u1233\u12ca<\/td>\n<td>\u126012\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d<\/td>\n<td width=\"356\">\u12a8\u1273\u120b\u120b\u1245 \u12a5\u1293 \u12cd\u1324\u1273\u121b \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12a0\u1295\u12f1\u1362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>\u1218\u1205\u12f2 \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u12a0\u120d-\u134b\u1272\u12ad<\/td>\n<td>\u12a5\u1235\u12a8 1158 \u12d3.\u121d.<\/td>\n<td width=\"356\">\u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12cd \u1295\u1309\u1225\u1364 \u1260\u121e\u1271 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u1235\u122d\u12c8-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1271 \u12a0\u1265\u1245\u1277\u120d\u1362<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u12e8\u1272\u1203\u121b \u1302\u12a6\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273\u1361 \u12e8\u12da\u12eb\u12f2\u12f5 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 <\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1290\u1233\u1275 \u1260\u12da\u12eb\u12f2\u12f5 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 (819\u20131018 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0.) \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1228\u1305\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1263\u122d\u1290\u1275 (Mamlukism) \u12cd\u1324\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12d8\u1262\u12f5 \u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12ed\u1296\u1229 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12da\u12eb\u12f2\u12f6\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1231\u1292 \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1270\u12c8\u12ab\u12ee\u127d \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1362\u00a0\u126010\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1218\u1308\u1263\u12f0\u1303 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u12da\u12eb\u12f2\u12f5 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1232\u12f3\u12a8\u121d\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1271 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u122d \u12a8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1291\u1262\u12eb \u1260\u1218\u1321 \u1228\u123a\u12f5 \u12a5\u1293 \u1201\u1230\u1295 \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u1230\u120b\u121b \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1263\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1305 \u1218\u12cd\u12f0\u1245 \u1300\u1218\u1228\u1362 \u12a8\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1273\u12cb\u1242\u12cd \u1201\u1234\u1295 \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u1230\u120b\u121b \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u1291\u1262\u12eb\u12ca \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12ce\u1279 \u12e8\u12da\u12eb\u12f2\u12f5 \u1290\u1308\u1225\u1273\u1275 \u12cb\u1293 \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d (vizier) \u1206\u1296 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130d\u120f\u120d\u1362 \u1201\u1234\u1295 \u12e8\u12da\u12eb\u12f2\u12f5 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a8\u12cd\u12f5\u1240\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12f5\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12d8\u1262\u12f5 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1273\u120b\u120b\u1245 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1270 \u120d\u121b\u1276\u127d\u1295\u1363 \u1218\u1235\u130a\u12f6\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1309\u12f5\u1313\u12f5 \u12cd\u1283\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1308\u1295\u1263\u1275 \u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1243\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u121a\u1293 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1294 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1228 \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12a8\u1201\u1234\u1295 \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u1230\u120b\u121b \u121e\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f0\u1229 \u1218\u122d\u1303\u1295 \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u12e8\u12da\u12eb\u12f2\u12f5 \u1263\u122a\u12eb-\u1270\u1320\u1263\u1263\u1242 \u12a5\u1305 \u12e8\u1308\u1263 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12a5\u1231\u121d \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1291\u1295 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12f3\u12f3\u122a\u12ce\u127d\u1364 \u1260\u1290\u134a\u1235 \u12a5\u1293 \u1290\u1303\u1205 \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12a8\u1348\u1208\u1362\u00a0\u1290\u134a\u1235 \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12da\u12eb\u12f2\u12f5 \u1215\u1343\u1295 \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u1260\u1218\u130d\u12f0\u120d \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u1295\u1320\u1245 \u1262\u121e\u12ad\u122d\u121d\u1363 \u1290\u1303\u1205 \u130d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u12d3\u1228\u1266\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12cd\u132d \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1270\u1263\u1260\u122d \u12601022 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u1290\u134a\u1235\u1295 \u12a0\u1238\u1295\u134e \u1260\u12d8\u1262\u12f5 \u12e8\u122b\u1231\u1295 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1270\u1362\u00a0\u12d1\u121b\u122b\u1205 \u1290\u1303\u1205 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u1290\u134a\u1235\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1308\u12f0\u120d\u12cd \u1232\u1308\u120d\u1345\u1364<\/p>\n<p>Najah, on hearing of the treatment his master had undergone at the hands of Nafis, summoned his neighbours to his assistance, Arabs and non-Arabs. He marched upon Zabid, and repeated battles were fought between the two rivals-the battles of Rima&#8217; and of Fashal, in both which Najah was worsted, that of al-&#8216;Ukdah in which he was victorious, and that of al-&#8216;Irk in which Nafis was killed near the Gate of Zabid, with the loss on the two sides of five thousand men.<\/p>\n<p>\u1290\u1303\u1215\u00a0\u130c\u1273\u12cd \u1260\u1293\u134a\u1235 \u12a5\u1305 \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u130d\u134d \u1260\u1230\u121b \u130a\u12dc\u1363 \u12a0\u1228\u1265\u1293 \u12a0\u1228\u1265 \u12eb\u120d\u1206\u1291 \u130e\u1228\u1264\u1276\u1279\u1295 \u1208\u1228\u12f3\u1275\u1290\u1275 \u1320\u122b\u1362 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12d8\u1262\u12f5\u121d \u12d8\u1218\u1270\u1364 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271 \u1270\u1240\u1293\u1243\u129e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d\u121d \u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u12cd\u130a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1270\u12ab\u1204\u12f1\u1362 \u12e8\u122a\u121b\u12d5 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u134b\u123b\u120d \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1276\u127d \u1293\u1303\u1205 \u12e8\u1270\u1238\u1290\u1348\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u1232\u1206\u1291\u1363 \u12a0\u120d-\u12d1\u1245\u12f3 \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u1266\u1273 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u12cd\u130a\u12eb \u130d\u1295 \u12f5\u120d \u1270\u1240\u12f3\u1300\u1362 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u121d \u1260\u12a0\u120d-\u12d2\u122d\u1245 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1293\u134a\u1235 \u1260\u12d8\u1262\u12f5 \u1260\u122d \u12a0\u1245\u122b\u1262\u12eb \u1270\u1308\u12f0\u1208\u1364 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1271\u121d \u12c8\u1308\u1296\u127d \u1260\u12a9\u120d\u121d \u12e8\u12a0\u121d\u1235\u1275 \u123a\u1205 \u1230\u12ce\u127d \u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1275 \u12a0\u1208\u1348\u1362\u00a0\u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12e8\u122b\u1234<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u12e8\u1290\u1303<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u1212<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u12f5 \u1218\u1290\u1233\u1275\u1361 \u1215\u130b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1303\u12db\u120a \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u1290\u1303\u1215\u00a0\u12a8\u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1263\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1209\u12d3\u120b\u12ca \u1295\u1309\u1225\u1290\u1275 \u1208\u1218\u1238\u130b\u1308\u122d \u1260\u12a2\u1235\u120b\u121b\u12ca\u12cd \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u12a5\u12cd\u1245\u1293 \u12eb\u1235\u1348\u120d\u1308\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1291\u121d \u1260\u1263\u130d\u12f3\u12f5 \u12a8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u1263\u1232\u12f5 \u12b8\u120a\u134b \u12a0\u120d-\u1243\u12f2\u122d \u12a0\u120d-\u1219\u12a0\u12eb\u12f5 \u1293\u1235\u122d \u12a0\u120d-\u12f2\u1295 (\u12e8\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1238\u1293\u134a) \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u12e8\u12ad\u1265\u122d \u121b\u12d5\u1228\u130d \u12a0\u1308\u1298\u1362\u00a0\u12ed\u1205 \u12a5\u12cd\u1245\u1293 \u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u12f0\u130b\u121b\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u123a\u12d3 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234\u12ce\u127d \u130b\u122d \u1208\u121a\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd \u1275\u130d\u120d \u12e8\u1231\u1292 \u121d\u123d\u130d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1291 \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u130b\u1278\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d \u12e8\u1265\u1214\u122d \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u1208\u129b\u12cd \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1338\u1210\u134a\u12ce\u127d \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1275 \u1270\u1230\u1325\u1276\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u12d1\u121b\u122b\u1205\u00a0\u12a0\u120d-\u1210\u12a8\u121a\u00a0\u1290\u1303\u1215 \u00a0\u1218\u1290\u123b \u201c\u1303\u12db\u120a\u201d (Jazali) \u12a8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u130e\u1233 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u12ed\u1308\u120d\u133b\u120d\u1362\u00a0\u121d\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12ed\u1205 \u1235\u121d \u1260\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u12ca \u1325\u1293\u1276\u127d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1265\u12d9\u121d \u1263\u12ed\u1273\u12c8\u1245\u121d\u1363 \u12e814\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1236\u122d\u12eb\u12ca \u1302\u12a6\u130d\u122b\u134a \u12a0\u12cb\u1242 \u12a0\u120d-\u12f2\u121b\u123d\u1242 \u1260\u1210\u1260\u123b \u121d\u12f5\u122d \u201c\u12f2\u1303\u12dd\u120d\u201d (Djazl) \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u1260\u1241\u1295\u1305\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1241 \u130e\u1233\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1209 \u1320\u1245\u1237\u120d\u1362\u00a0\u12a8\u12a0\u120d-\u12f2\u121b\u123d\u1242\u00a0\u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u12c8\u12f0 \u1348\u1228\u1295\u1233\u12ed\u129b \u1260\u12a6\u1308\u1235\u1275 \u1348\u122d\u12f2\u1293\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u1205\u1228\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1270\u1228\u130e\u1218\u12cd \u1218\u133d\u1210\u134d \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12a5\u1320\u1245\u1233\u1208\u1201\u1365<\/p>\n<p>Habesh \u00e9tait fils de Koush b. Kh\u00e2m b. No\u00e9. Les ABYSSINIENS sont divis\u00e9s en races : les AMH&#8217;ARAT, desquels sont sortis les Ne-dj\u00e2sis, qui occup\u00e8rent le tr\u00f4ne; les S A H &#8216; A R T \u00a0, les D J A Z L , qui se di-stinguent par leurs belles formes, les Kho\u00fbmid et D\u00e2ma\u00fbt; toutes ces tribus comprennent un tr\u00e8s grand nombre de familles et de branches. \u2014 A u x N\u00e8gres appartiennent encore les Ndbiens, descen- dant, d&#8217;apr\u00e8s la tradition, de Nouba b. Qofth b. Mior b. N\u00ee\u00e7ir b. Iih\u00e0m b. No\u00e9 et divis\u00e9s, selon la relation des marchands d&#8217;Asw\u00e2n, en diverses tribus, telles que : Andj, Azkersa, Tib\u00e2n, And\u00e2 et Kenka. Les Andj et les Anda habitent une grande \u00eele, nomm\u00e9e And\u00e2, for- m\u00e9e par le Nil; ils ne portent point de v\u00eatements; les Azkersa sont \u00e9loign\u00e9s du Nil, les Tib\u00e2n demeurent dans un district, richeen minerai de f e r , mais o\u00f9 aucun animal ne peut vivre, \u00e2 causede la chaleur excessive.<\/p>\n<p>\u1210\u1260\u123d \u12e8\u12a9\u123d \u120d\u1305\u1363 \u12a5\u122d\u1231\u121d \u12e8\u12ab\u121d \u120d\u1305\u1363 \u12a5\u122d\u1231\u121d \u12e8\u1296\u1205 \u120d\u1305 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1210\u1260\u123e\u127d\u00a0(\u12a0\u1262\u1232\u1292\u12eb\u12cd\u12eb\u1295) \u1260\u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1275 \u12d8\u122e\u127d \u12ed\u12a8\u1348\u120b\u1209\u1364 \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d\u1366 \u12d9\u134b\u1291\u1295 \u12e8\u12eb\u12d9\u1275 \u1290\u130b\u1232\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u12c8\u1321\u1263\u1278\u12cd \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u12ce\u127d\u1363 \u1233\u1210\u122d\u1276\u127d\u1363 \u1260\u1241\u1295\u1305\u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1241\u1275 \u1303\u12dd\u120e\u127d\u1363 \u12a9\u121a\u12f5\u00a0\u12a5\u1293 \u12f3\u121e\u1276\u127d\u00a0\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u1201\u1209 \u1290\u1308\u12f6\u127d \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1265\u12d9 \u1264\u1270\u1230\u1266\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u1245\u122d\u1295\u132b\u134e\u127d\u1295 \u12eb\u1240\u1349 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362\u00a0\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1275\u12cd\u134a\u1271 \u12a8\u1206\u1290 \u12a8\u12a9\u123d (\u1325\u1241\u122d) \u12d8\u122e\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u1291\u1263\u12cd\u12eb\u1295\u00a0\u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1364 \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d \u12e8\u1291\u1263 \u120d\u1305\u1363 \u12e8\u1246\u134d\u1275 \u120d\u1305\u1363 \u12e8\u121d\u1235\u122d \u120d\u1305\u1363 \u12e8\u1292\u1232\u122d \u120d\u1305\u1363 \u12e8\u12ab\u121d \u120d\u1305\u1363 \u12e8\u1296\u1205 \u120d\u1305 \u12d8\u122e\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u12cb\u1295 \u1290\u130b\u12f4\u12ce\u127d \u12d8\u1308\u1263 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1290\u1308\u12f6\u127d \u12ed\u12a8\u1348\u120b\u1209\u1364 \u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231\u121d\u1366 \u12a0\u1295\u1305\u1363 \u12a0\u12dd\u12a8\u122d\u1233\u1363 \u1272\u1263\u1295\u1363 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3 \u12a5\u1293 \u12ac\u1295\u12ab \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u12a0\u1295\u1305 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3 \u1260\u1293\u12ed\u120d \u12c8\u1295\u12dd \u1260\u121a\u1348\u1320\u122d \u2018\u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u2019\u00a0\u1260\u1270\u1263\u1208 \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u12f0\u1234\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1296\u122b\u1209\u1364 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u120d\u1265\u1235\u121d \u12a0\u12ed\u1208\u1265\u1231\u121d\u1362 \u12a0\u12dd\u12a8\u122d\u1233\u12ce\u127d \u12a8\u1293\u12ed\u120d \u12c8\u1295\u12dd \u122d\u1240\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229 \u1232\u1206\u1291\u1363 \u1272\u1263\u1296\u127d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u1260\u1265\u1228\u1275 \u121b\u12d5\u12f5\u1295 \u12e8\u1260\u1208\u1338\u1308 \u1262\u1206\u1295\u121d \u1260\u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1219\u1240\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1275 \u121d\u1295\u121d \u12d3\u12ed\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u1235\u1233 \u120a\u1296\u122d \u1260\u121b\u12ed\u127d\u120d\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12ed\u1296\u122b\u1209\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12e8\u12cd \u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d \u12dd\u121d \u1265\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1321 \u1263\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1291 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12e8 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122b <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275\u1361 \u1231\u1229\u122d \u12a0\u120d-\u134b\u1272\u12aa <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f1 \u1348\u122d\u1325<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1208\u12a0\u121b\u122b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1325\u1295\u1273\u12ca \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1275\u120d\u1245 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u12cb\u133d\u12a6 \u12a0\u1208\u12cd\u1362 \u126012\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a0\u130b\u121b\u123d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1338\u1210\u134a\u12cd \u12d1\u121b\u122b \u12a0\u120d-\u12e8\u1218\u1292 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u1273\u12cb\u1242\u12cd \u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u121a\u1292\u1235\u1275\u122d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1326\u122d \u12a0\u12db\u12e5 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12ab\u12ed\u12f5 \u12a0\u1261 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1231\u1229\u122d \u12a0\u120d-\u134b\u1272\u12aa (1156 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u12eb\u1228\u1348) \u201c\u12a8\u12a0\u121b\u122b \u1290\u1308\u12f5\u201d (tribe of Amhara) \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290 \u1308\u120d\u133f\u120d\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12cd \u12a5\u1320\u1245\u1233\u1208\u1201\u1364<\/p>\n<p>He of whom I speak was the noble Ka&#8217;id Abu Muhammad Sur\u016br Amharah al-Fatiki. He belonged to the Abyssinian tribe of Amharah, and all I can relate of him is but as a drop in the sea of his great merits.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u1235\u1208 \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u1308\u1228\u12cd \u12ad\u1261\u122d \u12ab\u12d2\u12f5 \u12a0\u1261 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u1231\u1229\u122d \u12a0\u121d\u1210\u122b \u12a0\u120d-\u134b\u1272\u12aa \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u12a8\u12a0\u1262\u1232\u1292\u12eb (\u12a8\u1210\u1260\u123b) \u12e8\u12a0\u121d\u1210\u122b \u1290\u1308\u12f5 \u12c8\u1308\u1295 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12a5\u1294 \u1235\u1208 \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u120d\u1293\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u121d\u127d\u1208\u12cd \u1290\u1308\u122d \u1201\u1209 \u12a8\u1273\u120b\u1245 \u12ad\u1265\u1229\u1293 \u12a8\u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u1235\u1265\u12d5\u1293\u12cd\u1363 \u12a8\u1263\u1215\u122d \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u1295\u12f2\u1275 \u1320\u1265\u1273 \u1265\u127b \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1320\u122d \u1290\u12cd\u1362\u201d\u00a0\u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12e8\u122b\u1234\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u1260\u1201\u1208\u1275 \u121d\u12ad\u1295\u12eb\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12a0\u1235\u1348\u120b\u130a \u1290\u12cd\u1364 \u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u1363 \u12ed\u1205 \u1218\u1228\u1303 \u201c\u12a0\u121b\u122b\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u12eb\u121c \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1265\u1214\u122d \u12e8\u1308\u1208\u1338 \u1240\u12f0\u121d\u1275 \u12e8\u12cd\u132d \u121d\u1295\u132d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u12c8\u1245\u1271 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u121d\u1295\u132e\u127d (\u1208\u121d\u1233\u120c \u12e8\u1245\u12f1\u1235 \u1270\u12ad\u1208\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u1308\u12f5\u120d) \u201c\u12a0\u121b\u122b\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u1260\u1265\u12db\u1275 \u1208\u1266\u1273 \u1235\u121d (\u1264\u1270 \u12a0\u121b\u122b) \u12ed\u1320\u1240\u1219\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362\u00a0\u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1273\u12f0\u1230 \u1273\u121d\u122b\u1275 \u1235\u1208 \u12a0\u121b\u122b \u1290\u1308\u12f5 \u201c\u12a8\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u121b\u1205\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122b \u130e\u1233 \u1260\u1230\u121c\u1295 \u1260\u12a9\u120d \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1298\u12cd \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u121d\u1293\u120d\u1263\u1275\u121d \u1240\u12f5\u121e \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1270 \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295 \u12a0\u12ed\u1240\u122d\u121d\u1362 \u1235\u1208 \u12a0\u121b\u122b (\u121b\u1205\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265) \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299 \u1275\u12cd\u134a\u1273\u12ca \u1218\u1228\u1303\u12ce\u127d \u12a0\u1290\u1235\u1270\u129b \u1260\u1218\u1206\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1363 \u1235\u1208 \u12a0\u1218\u1323\u1323\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1230\u1290 \u12e8\u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1240\u1218\u122d (\u1240\u1295) \u1218\u1235\u1320\u1275 \u12e8\u121b\u12ed\u127b\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1362\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u1218\u1292 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1338\u1210\u134a \u1231\u1229\u122d\u1295 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1235\u121d \u1218\u1325\u1240\u1231 \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u1260\u1210\u1260\u123b \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u12f3\u12eb\u1235\u1356\u122b \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12c8\u1245 \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1201\u1208\u1270\u129b\u1363 \u12e8\u1231\u1229\u122d \u12a0\u120d-\u134b\u1272\u12aa \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1260\u1290\u1303\u1202\u12f5 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u12a0\u121b\u122b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12d5\u12f5\u1308\u1275 \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u120d\u1362 \u12d1\u121b\u122b \u1235\u1208 \u1231\u1229\u122d \u1218\u120d\u12ab\u121d \u1263\u1215\u122a\u12eb\u1275 \u1232\u1308\u120d\u133d <em><i>\u201c\u12a8\u1263\u1215\u122d \u1320\u1265\u1273 \u12eb\u1205\u120d \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd \u1218\u1293\u1308\u122d \u12e8\u121d\u127d\u1208\u12cd\u201d<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u1273\u120b\u1245\u1290\u1271\u1295 \u1218\u1235\u12ad\u122f\u120d\u1362 \u12ed\u1205 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u121b\u122b\u12ce\u127d \u12601270 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u12e8\u1230\u120e\u121e\u1293\u12ca\u12cd \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a8\u1218\u1218\u1225\u1228\u1271 \u1260\u134a\u1275\u121d \u1260\u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1215\u122d \u1302\u12a6\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1295\u1241 \u1270\u1233\u1273\u134a \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12eb\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1323\u120d\u1362\u00a0\u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u12d1\u121b\u122b\u1205 \u1235\u1208\u1290\u1231 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1232\u120d \u12ed\u124b\u132b\u120d\u1393 \u201c\u12a8\u12a5\u1290\u122d\u1231 \u12e8\u1270\u123b\u1208 \u12e8\u130d\u120d \u1265\u1243\u1275 (\u1270\u1230\u1325\u12a6) \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12d3\u1228\u1265 \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u12e8\u1208\u121d\u1364 \u1262\u1260\u120d\u1327\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u1260\u12d8\u122d \u1210\u1228\u130d \u12ad\u1265\u122d \u1265\u127b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u120d\u130d\u1235\u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1363 \u1260\u12f5\u1295\u1245 \u12e8\u1215\u1295\u133b \u1325\u1260\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u1260\u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u1260\u121a\u12eb\u1270\u122d\u1349\u1275 \u12dd\u1293\u1293 \u1260\u1230\u120b\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1218\u12d8\u130d\u1267\u1278\u12cd \u12f0\u121b\u1245 \u1235\u12ac\u1276\u127d \u12e8\u1273\u12c8\u1241 \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1362\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u12e8\u1215\u120d\u12cd\u1293 \u130d\u132d\u1275\u1366 \u1290\u1303\u1202\u12f6\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u1231\u1208\u12ed\u1202\u12f6\u127d<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u130d\u132d\u1275<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1202\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a8\u1231\u1208\u12ed\u1202\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 (1047\u20131138 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0.) \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u12a8\u1228\u1228 \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u121e\u120b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1231\u1208\u12ed\u1202\u12f6\u127d \u1208\u130d\u1265\u1339 \u134b\u1272\u121a\u12f5 \u12b8\u120a\u134b \u1273\u121b\u129d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12e8\u123a\u12d3 \u12a5\u1235\u121b\u12a2\u120a \u1283\u12ed\u120e\u127d \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1362 \u12e8\u1231\u1208\u12ed\u1202\u12f5 \u1218\u1225\u122b\u127d \u12d3\u120a \u12a0\u120d-\u1231\u1208\u12ed\u1202 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1305 \u12e8\u1206\u1291\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1272\u1203\u121b \u1308\u12e5\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u1263\u12d5\u12f5 \u12c8\u122b\u122a\u12ce\u127d \u12ed\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12601060 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u12d3\u120a \u12a0\u120d-\u1231\u1208\u12ed\u1202 \u1290\u1303\u1215\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u122d\u12dd \u12a5\u1295\u12f3\u1235\u1308\u12f0\u1208\u12cd \u12d1\u121b\u122b\u1205 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u1232\u120d \u133d\u134e\u1273\u120d\u1365<\/p>\n<p>He lived in dread of Najah, the Prince of Tihamah, but sought to win his favour, assuming a humble demeanour, but never desisting in his efforts against him, until he succeeded in bringing about the death of Najah by poison, with the help of a beautiful female slave whom he sent as a present to his rival. Najah died at al-Kadra in the year 452.<\/p>\n<p>\u2026. \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u12e8\u1272\u1203\u121b\u12cd \u1218\u1235\u134d\u1295 \u1290\u1303\u1215\u1295 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12ed\u1348\u122b\u12cd \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1364 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1275\u1211\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u121d\u1230\u120d \u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1215\u1295 \u121e\u1308\u1235 \u1208\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12ed\u1325\u122b\u120d\u1364 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u1260\u1290\u1303\u1215\u00a0\u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cd\u1295 \u1270\u1295\u12ae\u120d \u12a8\u1276 \u12a0\u120b\u124b\u1228\u1320\u121d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u121d \u1208\u1263\u120b\u130b\u122b\u12cd \u1260\u1235\u1326\u1273 \u1218\u120d\u12ad \u1260\u120b\u12ab\u1275 \u1246\u1295\u1306 \u1234\u1275 \u1263\u122a\u12eb \u12a0\u121b\u12ab\u129d\u1290\u1275 \u1290\u1303\u1215\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u122d\u12dd \u1260\u1218\u130d\u12f0\u120d \u1270\u1233\u12ab\u1208\u1275\u1362 \u1290\u1303\u1215\u00a0\u1260452 (\u12d3\u1218\u1270 \u1212\u1302\u122b) \u12a0\u120d-\u12ab\u12f5\u122b \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1208\u127d \u1266\u1273 \u121e\u1270\u1362\u00a0\u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12e8\u122b\u1234<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1215\u00a0\u120d\u1306\u127d \u1230\u12a2\u12f5 \u12a0\u120d-\u12a0\u1205\u12cb\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u1300\u12eb\u123d \u12c8\u12f0 \u12f3\u1205\u120b\u12ad \u12f0\u1234\u1276\u127d \u1208\u1218\u1238\u123d \u1270\u1308\u12f0\u12f1 \u1362 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u12601067 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u1230\u12a2\u12f5 \u12a0\u120d-\u12a0\u1205\u12cb\u120d \u12d3\u120a \u12a0\u120d-\u1231\u1208\u12ed\u1202 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1218\u12ab \u1260\u1218\u1313\u12dd \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u12eb\u1208 \u12f5\u1295\u1308\u1270\u129b \u1325\u1243\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1230\u1295\u12d8\u122d \u1308\u12f0\u1208\u12cd\u1293 \u1295\u130d\u1225\u1272\u1271\u1295 \u12a0\u1235\u121b \u1262\u1295\u1275 \u123a\u1203\u1265\u1295 \u121b\u1228\u12a8\u1362 \u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12a0\u1235\u121b \u1208\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1260\u1290\u1303\u1202\u12f6\u127d \u121d\u122d\u12ae \u12e8\u1246\u12e8\u127d \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u121d \u1260\u12f3\u1266 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12f0\u1265\u1243 \u1260\u120b\u12a8\u127d\u12cd \u12f0\u1265\u12f3\u1264 \u120d\u1307 \u12a0\u120d-\u1219\u12ab\u122b\u121d \u1218\u1325\u1276 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12f5\u1293\u1275 \u1263\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u127d\u12cd \u1325\u1228\u1275 \u1270\u1208\u1243\u1208\u127d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1202\u12f6\u127d \u12cd\u12f5\u1240\u1275\u1361 \u12a8\u1209\u12d3\u120b\u12ca\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a0\u12bd\u12f3\u121d\u1290\u1275<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1295\u12d1\u1235 \u1228\u12d5\u1230 \u1309\u12f3\u12ed \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u1290\u1233\u12cd \u12d0\u12ed\u1290\u1270\u129b \u1290\u1308\u122d \u12a0\u12bd\u12f3\u121e\u127d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u1209\u1275 \u12a5\u1290\u121b\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1291\u1293 \u1208\u121d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1270\u1263\u1209 \u12e8\u121d\u1293\u12ed \u12ed\u1206\u1293\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1202\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12cd\u12f5\u1240\u1275 \u12601158 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u1260\u12d3\u120a \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u1218\u1205\u12f2 \u12a0\u120d-\u1212\u121d\u12eb\u122a \u1260\u121a\u1218\u122b\u12cd \u12e8\u1218\u1205\u12f2\u12f5 \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234 \u1270\u12a8\u1230\u1270\u1362 \u12d3\u120a \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u1218\u1205\u12f2 \u12e8\u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1275 \u12a0\u12ad\u122b\u122a\u1290\u1275\u1295 \u12a8\u12d8\u122d \u1325\u120b\u127b \u130b\u122d \u1260\u1218\u1240\u120b\u1240\u120d \u12e8\u12a0\u1228\u1265 \u130e\u1233\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1210\u1260\u123b \u1308\u12e5\u12ce\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12a0\u1290\u1233\u1233\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12d8\u1262\u12f5\u1295 \u12a8\u1270\u1246\u1323\u1320\u1228 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12e8\u1218\u1328\u1228\u123b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1202\u12f5 \u1295\u1309\u1225 \u12a0\u120d-\u134b\u1272\u1245 \u1223\u120d\u1233\u12ca\u1295 \u1308\u12f0\u1208\u1362 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u12f5\u1209 \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u121d\u1364 \u12ed\u120d\u1241\u1295\u121d \u1260\u1210\u1260\u123b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1338\u121d \u12e8\u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122d \u1208\u12cd\u1325 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12d3\u120a \u12a2\u1265\u1295 \u1218\u1205\u12f2 \u12e8\u1240\u1229\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1202\u12f5 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12d8\u122e\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1206\u1291 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a8\u1270\u121b \u12f3\u122d\u127b\u12ce\u127d \u1265\u127b \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u1229 \u12e8\u121a\u12f0\u1290\u130d\u130d \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u12a0\u12c8\u1323\u1362 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u12f5 \u12a0\u120d \u1218\u1215\u1348\u120a \u12a5\u1293 \u12a2\u121b\u1295 \u1206\u121b\u12ed\u12f2 \u12ab\u1233\u1270\u1219\u1275 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12a5\u1320\u1245\u1233\u1208\u1201\u1364<\/p>\n<p>When the Najah dynasty took power in Zabid and the Tihama plains they brought in more people from Ethiopia. They persecuted the Yemenis, looted their property, took women as captives, and enslaved the indigenous Yemeni population. This led the people to form resistance groups against the Najahi state, led by the rebel Ali Bin Mahdi Al-Hymiari Al-Zabidi, who rallied Yemenis from the Tihama plains and the mountainous areas. After a four-year war, Ali was able to overthrow the Najah dynasty, and sentenced them to a life of slavery in which they would become servants of Yemeni society. He also issued a decree that forced them to build their homes on the outskirts of cities and villages, and was the first to call them <em><i>Akhdam<\/i><\/em>\u00a0in recorded Yemeni history.<\/p>\n<p>\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1215\u00a0\u1225\u122d\u12c8-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u1260\u12d8\u1262\u12f5 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u1272\u1203\u121b \u121c\u12f3\u12ce\u127d \u1225\u120d\u1323\u1295 \u1260\u12eb\u12d9 \u130a\u12dc \u12a8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a0\u1218\u1321\u1362 \u12e8\u1218\u1218\u1291\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265\u121d \u12a0\u1233\u12f0\u12f1\u1363 \u1295\u1265\u1228\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12d8\u1228\u1349\u1363 \u1234\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u121b\u1228\u12a9\u1363 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1201\u121d \u1290\u1263\u1229\u1295 \u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1260\u1263\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1308\u12d9\u1362 \u12ed\u1205\u121d \u1215\u12dd\u1261 \u1260\u1290\u1303\u1202 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1270\u1243\u12cd\u121e \u1261\u12f5\u1296\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u124b\u1241\u121d \u12a0\u12f0\u1228\u1308\u12cd\u1364 \u12a0\u1218\u1341\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u122b\u12cd \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a8\u1272\u1203\u121b \u121c\u12f3\u12ce\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1270\u122b\u122b\u121b \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12ce\u127d \u12e8\u1218\u1293\u12c9\u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u1270\u1263\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12d3\u120a \u1262\u1295 \u121b\u1205\u12f2 \u12a0\u120d-\u1210\u12ed\u121a\u12eb\u122a \u12a0\u120d-\u12db\u1262\u12f2 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12a8\u12a0\u122b\u1275 \u12d3\u1218\u1275 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12d3\u120a \u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1205\u1295 \u1225\u122d\u12c8-\u1218\u1295\u130d\u1235\u1220\u1225\u1275 \u1218\u1308\u122d\u1230\u1235 \u12e8\u127b\u1208 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1291 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130b\u12ed \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u1229 \u12e8\u12d5\u12f5\u121c \u120d\u12ad \u12e8\u1263\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u134d\u122d\u12f5 \u1348\u1228\u12f0\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u1264\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12a8\u12a8\u1270\u121e\u127d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12f3\u122d\u127b \u120b\u12ed \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1308\u1290\u1261 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1235\u1308\u12f5\u12f5 \u12a0\u12cb\u1305 \u12a0\u12c8\u1323\u1364 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad\u121d \u1208\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u130a\u12dc &#8220;\u12a0\u12bd\u12f3\u121d&#8221; (Akhdam) \u1265\u120e \u12e8\u1320\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u122d\u1231 \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362\u00a0\u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12e8\u122b\u1234<\/p>\n<p>\u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1208\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb \u130a\u12dc &#8220;\u12a0\u12bd\u12f3\u121d&#8221; (\u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130b\u12ee\u127d) \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u121d \u12e8\u1230\u1323\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1231 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12ed\u1205 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u12a8\u1308\u12e5\u1290\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u1270\u1308\u1208\u1208 \u12a5\u1293 \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12f0\u1228\u1303 (subalternity) \u12e8\u1270\u1238\u130b\u1308\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1320\u1263\u1233 \u1206\u1296 \u12ed\u1246\u1320\u122b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1295 (\u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1209\u1271) \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1218\u1320\u122a\u12eb \u1260\u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1261 \u12a0\u1263\u120b\u1275 \u12e8\u1338\u12f0\u1240\u12cd \u201c\u12a0\u12bd\u12f3\u121d\u201d (\u12a0\u1308\u120d\u130b\u12ee\u127d) \u12a8\u121a\u1208\u12cd\u1293 \u1260\u1270\u12f0\u130b\u130b\u121a \u12a8\u121a\u1320\u1229\u1260\u1275 \u12a0\u12cb\u122b\u1305 \u1235\u121d \u1208\u121b\u121d\u1208\u1325 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1235\u1208 \u1261\u12f5\u1291 \u1265\u1214\u1228\u1230\u1263\u12ca \u12a0\u1218\u1323\u1325 \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u12a0\u12a8\u122b\u12ab\u122a \u1210\u1233\u1266\u127d \u12a0\u1209\u1362 \u12a0\u1295\u12f3\u1295\u12f6\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u121d\u1291\u1275 \u1261\u12f5\u1291 \u12a8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u1263\u122a\u12eb\u12ce\u127d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 \u1235\u12f5\u1235\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12c8\u12f0 \u128b\u120b \u1260\u121a\u1204\u12f5 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u12e8\u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u12e8\u1270\u12c8\u1208\u12f1 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362\u00a0\u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1208\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u1262\u1296\u1229\u121d \u1263\u12d5\u12f5\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12db\u122c\u121d \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1260\u1309\u120d\u1205 \u12ed\u1295\u1338\u1263\u1228\u1243\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u12e8\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u1218\u1290\u123b\u1361 \u12e8\u1215\u120d\u12cd\u1293 \u12d5\u12ed\u1273<\/b><\/strong><b><\/b><strong><b>\u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1201\u1293\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12ce\u127d<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1295 \u1218\u1308\u1208\u120d \u1260&#8221;\u12a0\u1235\u120d&#8221; (asl &#8211; \u12ad\u1261\u122d \u12e8\u12d8\u122d \u1218\u1290\u123b) \u133d\u1295\u1230-\u1210\u1233\u1265 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u122b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u1218\u122b\u12cd \u1260\u12d8\u122d \u1210\u1228\u130d \u120b\u12ed \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1220\u1228\u1270 \u12a0\u1235\u1270\u1233\u1230\u1265 \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1295 \u12ed\u1205 \u12e8\u130e\u1233 \u201c\u12a0\u1235\u120d\u201d \u12e8\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u1235\u1208\u121a\u1273\u1218\u1295 \u201c\u1291\u1243\u1235\u201d (\u130e\u12f0\u120e \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b) \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cd \u12ed\u1273\u12eb\u1209\u1362\u00a0\u12e8\u12a0\u12bd\u12f3\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u1218\u1290\u123b \u1260\u1270\u1218\u1208\u12a8\u1270 \u1294\u126e\u120b \u12e8\u121a\u1263\u120d \u1338\u1210\u134a \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12a8\u1270\u1208\u12cd \u12a0\u1235\u1240\u121d\u1326\u1273\u120d\u1361<\/p>\n<p>This social group (<em><i>\u1e6d<\/i><\/em><em><i>abaqa ijtima<\/i><\/em><em><i>\u02bf<\/i><\/em><em><i>iyya<\/i><\/em>) appeared in Yemen before Islam, in a peculiar period when the Ethiopians (<em><i>A<\/i><\/em><em><i>\u1e25<\/i><\/em><em><i>bash<\/i><\/em>) raided Yemen under the lead ership of Abraha al-Ashram. And that wasn\u2019t, simply, a military campaign: it was also a religious one for [supporting] the Christian religion.<\/p>\n<p>\u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12e8\u1285\u1265\u1228\u1270\u1230\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d (<em><i>\u1e6d<\/i><\/em><em><i>abaqa ijtima<\/i><\/em><em><i>\u02bf<\/i><\/em><em><i>iyya) <\/i><\/em>\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u12a8\u12a5\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1293 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u12a0\u1265\u122d\u1210 \u12a0\u120d \u12a0\u123d\u122b\u121d \u1260\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1295\u1309\u1221 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u122b\u1234\u00a0\u1218\u122a\u1290\u1275 \u1235\u122d \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362 \u12d8\u1218\u127b\u12cd\u121d \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1265\u127b \u12a0\u120d\u1290\u1260\u1228\u121d\u1361 \u12ad\u122d\u1235\u1272\u12eb\u1296\u127d\u1295 \u1208\u1218\u122d\u12f3\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1308 \u1203\u12ed\u121b\u1296\u1273\u12ca \u12d8\u1218\u127b \u1290\u1260\u122d\u1362\u00a0\u1275\u122d\u1309\u121d \u12eb\u122b\u1234<\/p>\n<p>\u1294\u126e\u120b \u1260\u1218\u1240\u1320\u120d \u1226\u1235\u1275 \u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12f0\u122b\u1235\u12eb\u1295\u1295 \u1260\u1218\u1325\u1240\u1235 \u1235\u1208 \u12a0\u12bd\u12f3\u121e\u127d \u1273\u122a\u12ab\u12ca \u1218\u1290\u123b \u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1321\u1275\u1295 \u1218\u120b\u121d\u1275 \u1270\u1295\u1275\u1297\u120d\u1362 \u12e8\u1218\u1300\u1218\u122a\u12eb\u12cd \u1260\u1294\u126e\u120b \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12e8\u1270\u1320\u1240\u1230\u12cd \u123b\u122d\u1303\u1265 \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1338\u1210\u134a \u1218\u1290\u123b\u1278\u12cd \u12a8\u12a0\u134d\u122a\u12ab \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u122b\u1231\u1295 \u1218\u120b\u121d\u1275 \u12eb\u1235\u1240\u1218\u1320 \u1232\u1206\u1295 \u1218\u120b\u121d\u1276\u1279\u121d (1) \u12a8\u1245\u12f5\u1218 \u123d\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1293 \u1260\u134a\u1275 \u1232\u1328\u1246\u1291 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1290\u1263\u122d \u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12d8\u122e\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1363 (2) \u1218\u1290\u123b\u1278\u12cd \u1263\u122d\u12eb \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1363 (3) \u1260\u1245\u12f5\u1218 \u12a5\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1293 \u130a\u12dc \u12c8\u12f0 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u12f0\u12f1 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u1210\u1260\u123e\u127d 522 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1232\u12d8\u121d\u1271 \u12a0\u1265\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1270\u1218\u1208\u1231 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1363 (4) \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u1295 \u1260\u12c8\u1228\u1229 \u130a\u12dc \u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1293 \u1260\u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u12c8\u1275\u12f5\u122d\u1293 \u12a5\u122d\u12a8\u1295 \u12c8\u1235\u1325 \u1232\u12eb\u1308\u1208\u130d\u1209 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1260\u128b\u120b\u121d \u1270\u1218\u1233\u1233\u12ed \u1270\u130d\u1263\u122d \u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u12eb\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u12eb\u1209 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u123d\u1303\u1265 \u12e8\u1270\u1263\u1208\u12cd \u1338\u1210\u134a \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u123b\u122d\u1303\u1295\u1295 \u1218\u120b\u121d\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u1295\u123b\u1278\u12cd\u1293 \u1260\u1225\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1218\u122d\u1218\u122d \u1201\u1208\u1275 \u1218\u120b\u121d\u1276\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u1295\u12d8\u122d \u12a0\u1320\u1293\u12ad\u122e\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u12a5\u1290\u1231\u121d\u1363 (1) \u1260\u1230\u12ed\u134d \u1262\u1295 \u12f2 \u12eb\u12db\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u121b\u1228\u12a9 \u12e8\u12a0\u1265\u122d\u1210 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122e\u127d \u1232\u1206\u1291 \u1246\u123b\u123b \u1225\u122b\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u12a8\u1293\u12c9\u1291 \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1363 (2) \u1235\u12ed\u134d\u1295 \u12e8\u12a8\u12f1 \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1308\u12f0\u1209 \u1210\u1260\u123e\u127d \u1232\u1206\u1291\u1363 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u121d\u1215\u1228\u1275 \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u130e\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u1260\u1215\u12ed\u12c8\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1308\u120d\u130d\u1209 \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u1228\u1309 \u1293\u1278\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u120d \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u12a0\u12bd\u12f3\u121d \u1270\u1265\u120e \u12a8\u1218\u1320\u122b\u1275\u121d \u1263\u123b\u1308\u122d \u1260\u120c\u120e\u127d \u1235\u121e\u127d\u121d \u12ed\u1320\u122b\u1209\u1362 \u12a0\u120d \u12a0\u123b\u12f5 \u00a0\u134b\u12ad\u1228\u1295 (\u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12e8\u12f0\u12b8\u12e9 \u130e\u1235\u124b\u120e\u127d)\u1363 \u12a0\u120d \u12a0\u12ad\u1270\u122d \u12f1\u12d3\u1348\u1295 (\u12ae\u1235\u121b\u1296\u127d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1270\u1320\u130b\u120b\u132e\u127d)\u1363 \u12a0\u120d \u12a0\u1243\u1209 \u1215\u12db\u1295 (\u12a5\u12f5\u1208 \u1262\u1236\u127d\/\u1308\u12f0 \u1262\u1236\u127d)\u1363 \u12a5\u1293 \u12a8\u12da\u1205 \u1208\u12e8\u1275 \u1263\u1208 \u1218\u120d\u12a9 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12a0\u1205\u134b\u12f5 \u1262\u120b\u120d (\u12e8\u1262\u120b\u120d\u00a0\u12e8\u120d\u1305 \u120d\u1306\u127d) \u1270\u1265\u1208\u12cd\u121d \u12ed\u1320\u122b\u1209\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u121b\u1285\u1260\u12a5\u122d\u1230\u1265 \u1266\u1273 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229 \u1363 \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u12e8\u1291\u122e \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12a5\u1305\u130d \u12a0\u1233\u129d \u12a5\u1293 \u12a0\u1235\u12a8\u134a \u1260\u1206\u1290 \u12e8\u1291\u122e \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12e8\u121a\u1296\u1229 \u12e8\u121b\u1205\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u12ad\u134d\u120e\u127d \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u120a\u1243\u12ca\u121d \u1206\u1290 \u1215\u130b\u12ca \u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1275\u121d \u12a0\u120d\u1270\u1230\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u121d \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12e8\u1270\u1230\u1323\u1278\u12cd \u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1275 \u12a5\u1305\u12f1\u1295 \u12a0\u1293\u1233 \u12e8\u1206\u1290 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1325\u1293\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12e9\u1275 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u12a830,500,000 \u12e8\u121a\u1206\u1290\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u1265\u12db\u1275 \u12a81.4\u00a0\u12a5\u1235\u12a8 2.6 % (\u1260\u1218\u1276) \u12ed\u1238\u134d\u1293\u1209\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u120c\u120e\u127d \u1325\u1293\u1276\u127d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12e9\u1275 \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u12db\u122c \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12a8500,000 \u12a5\u1235\u12a8 3.5 \u121a\u120a\u12ee\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1320\u1309 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1295 \u12ed\u1296\u122b\u1209\u1362 \u1263\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1260\u1215\u130d \u1262\u1273\u1308\u12f5\u121d\u1363 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1261 \u12a0\u1201\u1295\u121d \u1260\u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u12f0\u1228\u1303 \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b\u12cd \u1266\u1273 \u120b\u12ed \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u12a5\u122d\u1235 \u1260\u12a5\u122d\u1235 \u1326\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12cd\u1295 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u12a0\u1263\u1265\u1236\u1273\u120d\u1364 \u12e8\u130e\u1233 \u1325\u1260\u1243 \u1235\u1208\u120c\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12d5\u122d\u12f3\u1273 \u12e8\u121b\u130d\u1298\u1275 \u12d5\u12f5\u120b\u1278\u12cd \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u1290\u12cd\u1362\u00a0\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u12a8\u1290\u1231 \u12d8\u122d \u12cd\u132a \u121b\u1295\u1295\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12eb\u1308\u1261 \u12a0\u12ed\u1348\u1240\u12f5\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1363 \u1218\u1223\u122a\u12ed \u1218\u12eb\u12dd \u12e8\u1270\u12a8\u1208\u12a8\u1209 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1363 \u1285\u12ad\u121d\u1293 \u1266\u1273 \u1270\u1308\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12ad\u1265\u12ab\u1264 \u12a0\u12ed\u1230\u1323\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1363 \u1260\u12a2\u12ae\u1296\u121a \u12a5\u1295\u1245\u1235\u1243\u1234 \u12d8\u122d\u134d \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5\u1293 \u1246\u123b\u123b \u1260\u1218\u1325\u1228\u130d\u1363 \u1218\u12aa\u1293 \u1260\u121b\u1320\u1265\u1363 \u1238\u12ad\u121d \u1260\u1218\u1238\u12a8\u121d\u1363 \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u1230\u120d \u12dd\u1245\u1270\u129b \u1270\u12f0\u122d\u1308\u12cd \u12e8\u121a\u1273\u12e9 \u1225\u122b\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1265\u127b \u1260\u1218\u1225\u122b\u1275 \u12ed\u1296\u122b\u1209\u1362 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u1208\u1220\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u1309\u120d\u1260\u1275 \u1225\u122b \u1270\u1308\u1262\u12cd\u1295 \u12f0\u121e\u12dd \u12a0\u12ed\u12a8\u1348\u120b\u1278\u12cd\u121d\u1362<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u12e8\u1274\u12f2 \u12a0\u134d\u122e \u1218\u122c\u121b \u130d\u1325\u121d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u12a5\u12da\u1205 \u120b\u12ed \u1290\u12cd \u12e8\u12a0\u122d\u1272\u1235\u1275 \u1274\u12f2 \u12a0\u134d\u122e \u1218\u122c\u121b \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1225\u122b\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1293\u12e8\u12cd\u1362 \u1274\u12f2 \u1260\u12d8\u1348\u1291 \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1205 \u12ed\u1208\u1293\u120d\u1363<\/p>\n<p>\u121b\u12f6 \u1263\u1265\u120d \u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u1295\u12d0 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1363<br \/>\n\u12cd\u1260\u1275\u123d\u1295 \u12a5\u12eb\u12e8\u1201 \u1235\u12c8\u1323\u121d \u1235\u1308\u1263<\/p>\n<p>\u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u134b\u122d \u12a0\u134d\u120c\u1273 \u12e8\u1320\u12e8\u1218\u12cd \u134a\u1274<br \/>\n\u120c\u120b\u12cd \u1262\u1240\u122d \u12a5\u1295\u12b3\u1295 \u12a5\u12ea\u12cd \u121b\u1295\u1290\u1274\u1295\u1363<br \/>\n\u12de\u1228\u123d\u1362 \u12ed\u120b\u120d<\/p>\n<p>\u1232\u12c8\u1323 \u1232\u1308\u1263 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u12eb\u1275 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1320\u122d\u130d \u1325\u1241\u122d \u12e8\u1218\u1293\u12ca\u1275 \u1293\u1275 \u1218\u122c\u121b\u1362 \u12a0\u1295\u1308\u1277\u1295 \u12f0\u134d\u1273 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f5 \u12e8\u121d\u1275\u1320\u122d\u1308\u12cd \u1218\u122c\u121b \u1240\u1293 \u1265\u120b \u12a5\u1290\u12b3 \u1230\u12cd \u12a0\u1273\u12ed\u121d\u1362 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u12a0\u134b\u122d \u12a0\u134d\u120c\u1273 \u12e8\u1320\u12e8\u1218\u12cd \u134a\u1271\u1295 (\u1275\u1241\u122d \u1210\u1260\u123b\u12ca\u1290\u1271) \u120b\u134d\u1273 \u12a5\u1295\u12b3 \u12de\u122b \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1273\u12e8\u12cd \u1262\u123b\u121d \u1260\u132d\u1246\u1293\u1293 \u1218\u1308\u1208\u120d \u1233\u1262\u12eb \u12e8\u1270\u12f0\u134b\u12cd \u12a0\u1295\u1308\u1277 \u1240\u1293 \u1265\u120e \u12e8\u1218\u1204\u12f1\u1295 \u12f5\u134d\u1228\u1275 \u12eb\u1308\u1298 \u12a0\u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120d\u121d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u120b! \u120b! \u12a0\u1275\u1260\u12ed\u129d \u1260\u1243 \u12a0\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u121d<\/p>\n<p>\u1320\u130b \u1265\u1208\u123d \u12a0\u12cd\u130a\u129d \u12a5\u1235\u12aa \u12eb\u1208\u123d\u1260\u1275 \u1201\u1294\u1273\u12cd\u1295 \u1363<\/p>\n<p>\u12a5\u12eb\u12e8\u123d\u12cd \u1260\u1275\u12ab\u12dc \u12e8\u121d\u1320\u122d\u130a\u12cd\u00a0\u130e\u12f3\u1293\u12cd\u1295<\/p>\n<p>\u12a0\u130e\u121d\u1265\u1230\u123d \u1235\u1270\u12ad\u12e2 \u1270\u12f0\u130d\u1348\u123d \u1218\u1325\u1228\u130a\u12eb\u12cd\u1295<\/p>\n<p>\u12a0\u1233\u12d8\u1295\u123d\u129d \u12a5\u1294\u1295\u121b \u1235\u1295\u1273\u1208 \u1206\u12f5\u123d \u1218\u122c\u121b\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1218\u122c\u121b \u1260\u1275\u12ab\u12dc \u12a0\u130e\u121d\u1260\u1233 \u1218\u1295\u1308\u12f1\u1295 \u1275\u1320\u122d\u130b\u1208\u127d\u1363 \u1218\u1325\u1228\u130a\u12eb\u12c9\u1295 \u1270\u12f0\u130d\u134b \u1260\u1275\u12ab\u12dc \u12eb\u1208\u127d\u12c9\u1295 \u1218\u122c\u121b\u1295 \u1320\u130b \u1265\u120b \u12eb\u1208\u127d\u1260\u1275 \u1290\u1263\u122b\u12ca \u1201\u1294\u1273\u1295 \u12a0\u1290\u12f5\u1273\u12cb\u12e8\u12cd \u12e8\u123b\u1270 \u12ed\u1218\u1235\u120b\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u12c8\u12f2\u1205 \u12a0\u120b\u1243\u1275<br \/>\n\u12a0\u1243\u1270\u129d \u12f0\u130d\u121e \u120b\u120d\u134b\u1275<\/p>\n<p>\u1235\u121f\u1295 \u1320\u12ed\u1244 \u1260\u1320\u122b\u1275 \u12a0\u1275\u12de\u122d \u1265\u12a8\u1270\u120b\u1275<\/p>\n<p>\u1263\u12eb\u1275 \u12a0\u121d\u1233\u12eb\u12ec\u1295 \u1265\u1320\u122b\u1275 \u12a0\u1275\u1230\u121b<\/p>\n<p>\u1218\u122c\u121b \u2026.. \u12eb \u1218\u122c\u121b\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u1235\u121f\u1295 \u12a0\u12eb\u12cd\u1240\u12cd\u121d \u1365 \u1290\u1308\u122d \u130d\u1295 \u1230\u12ce\u127d\u1295 \u1320\u12ed\u1246 \u1218\u122c\u121b \u1293\u1275 \u12a0\u1209\u1275\u1363 \u12a5\u1231\u121d \u1260\u1235\u121f \u1320\u122b\u1275 \u12a0\u1264\u1275 \u12a0\u120b\u1208\u127d\u12cd\u121d\u1363 \u12de\u122b \u1273\u12e8\u12cd \u12d8\u1295\u12f5 \u120d\u1267 \u12a0\u1208\u1348\u1240\u12f0\u121d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u1274\u12f2 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u12eb\u1209\u1260\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1291\u122e \u12a0\u1235\u12a8\u134a\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1218\u122a\u122d\u1290\u1275 \u12a0\u1309\u120d\u1276 \u201c\u12a0\u130e\u121d\u1265\u1230\u123d \u1235\u1270\u12ad\u12e2 \u1270\u12f0\u130d\u1348\u123d \u1218\u1325\u1228\u130a\u12eb\u12cd\u1295\u201d \u1232\u120d \u12a0\u12da\u121e\u1273\u120d\u1362 \u1274\u12f2 \u1260\u1218\u1240\u1320\u120d \u201c\u1218\u122c\u121b \u1291\u122e\u123d \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u1290\u12cd \u1260\u1230\u1290\u12d3 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u201d \u1260\u121b\u1208\u1275 \u12e8\u1290\u1308\u1229\u1295 \u12a0\u1233\u1233\u1262\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u12a0\u1295\u1308\u1265\u130b\u1262\u1290\u1275 \u12ed\u1260\u120d\u1325 \u1275\u12a9\u1228\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f5\u1230\u1320\u12cd \u12a0\u12f5\u122d\u130e\u1293\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u1210\u1229\u1229 \u1218\u1295\u12f0\u122d \u1260\u1210\u130b\u12ed \u1260\u1228\u1203\u1363 \u121b\u12f6 \u1263\u1265\u120d \u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u1230\u1290\u12d3 \u12a8\u1270\u121b\u1363 \u1263\u12eb\u1275 \u12a0\u121d\u1233\u12eb\u12e8\u1295 \u1265\u1320\u122b\u1275 \u12a0\u1275\u1230\u121b\u1363 \u1218\u122c\u121b \u1232\u120d \u1290\u1308\u1229 \u12dd\u122d\u12eb\u12cb \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u12a0\u121d\u1233\u120f \u12a8\u1231 (\u1210\u1260\u123b) \u130b\u122d \u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u1218\u1206\u1291\u1295 \u12ed\u1290\u130d\u1228\u1293\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<p>\u12a82007 \u1300\u121d\u122e \u12e8\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1295 \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122d \u1218\u1265\u1276\u127b\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u12a8\u1260\u122d \u12a5\u12e8\u1273\u1308\u1208 \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u120d\u1362 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1308\u1299\u1275 \u1219\u1200\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u1208\u12d8\u1218\u1293\u1275 \u12e8\u1246\u12e8\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1235\u122d \u12e8\u1230\u12f0\u12f0 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u1308\u1208\u120d \u12a5\u1293 \u12e8\u12d8\u122d \u1218\u12f5\u120d\u12ce \u1208\u1218\u1273\u1308\u120d \u12e8\u1270\u1208\u12eb\u12e9 \u1270\u124b\u121b\u1275\u1293 \u130d\u1208\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1260\u1295\u1243\u1275 \u12a5\u12e8\u1270\u1295\u1240\u1233\u1240\u1231 \u12ed\u1308\u129b\u1209\u1362 \u1260\u12da\u1205 \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u1291\u12d5\u121b\u1295 \u12a0\u120d-\u1201\u12d8\u12ed\u134a\u00a0\u12e8\u121a\u1218\u1229\u1275 \u12e8\u1270\u1308\u1208\u1209 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1266\u127d \u1265\u1214\u122b\u12ca \u1285\u1265\u1228\u1275 (National Union for the Marginalized)\u00a0\u130d\u1295\u1263\u122d \u1240\u12f0\u121d \u1270\u1320\u1243\u123d \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1271 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u12e8\u1356\u1208\u1272\u12ab\u1293 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u12f5\u1228\u12ae\u127d \u12a5\u12a9\u120d \u1270\u1233\u1275\u134e \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u1296\u122b\u1278\u12cd\u1293 \u12e8\u12dc\u130d\u1290\u1275 \u1218\u1265\u1273\u1278\u12cd \u12a5\u1295\u12f2\u12a8\u1260\u122d \u1260\u133d\u1291 \u12ed\u121f\u1308\u1273\u120d\u1362\u00a0\u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u121d\u12cb\u1273\u1293 (Mwatana)\u00a0\u12eb\u1209 \u12e8\u1230\u1265\u12a0\u12ca \u1218\u1265\u1275 \u1270\u121f\u130b\u127d \u12f5\u122d\u1305\u1276\u127d \u1260\u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1261 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u121a\u1348\u1338\u1219 \u1260\u12f0\u120e\u127d\u1295\u1293 \u1260\u1326\u122d\u1290\u1271 \u12c8\u1245\u1275 \u12e8\u12f0\u1228\u1230\u1263\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1218\u1348\u1293\u1240\u120d \u1208\u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u1349 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1265 \u1260\u121b\u130b\u1208\u1325 \u1228\u1308\u12f5 \u12a8\u134d\u1270\u129b \u121a\u1293 \u12ed\u132b\u12c8\u1273\u1209\u1362 \u12a5\u1290\u12da\u1205 \u12a0\u12ab\u120b\u1275 \u1260\u12cb\u1293\u1290\u1275 \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1270\u12a9\u1229\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0 \u201c\u12a0\u120d-\u12a0\u12ad\u12f3\u121d\u201d\u00a0\u12eb\u1209 \u12a0\u12cb\u122b\u1305 \u1235\u121e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1235\u1240\u1228\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1324\u1293 \u12a5\u12f5\u120e\u127d\u1295 \u1260\u121b\u1218\u127b\u1278\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1230\u1261 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd\u1295 \u12e8\u1270\u1233\u1233\u1270 \u130d\u1295\u12db\u1264 \u1260\u1218\u1208\u12c8\u1325 \u120b\u12ed \u1232\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u1260\u1270\u1208\u12ed\u121d \u1260\u1245\u122d\u1265 \u12d3\u1218\u1273\u1275 \u1260\u12f2\u1302\u1273\u120d \u121a\u12f2\u12eb \u1260\u1218\u1273\u1308\u12dd \u12e8\u1219\u1200\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d\u1295 \u12f5\u121d\u133d \u12a8\u1218\u127c\u12cd\u121d \u130a\u12dc \u1260\u120b\u12ed \u12a8\u134d \u1208\u121b\u12f5\u1228\u130d \u127d\u1208\u12cb\u120d\u1362<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b><\/b><strong><b>\u121b\u1320\u1243\u1208\u12eb<\/b><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u12e8\u12a0\u122d\u1272\u1235\u1275 \u1274\u12f2 \u12a0\u134d\u122e \u1218\u122c\u121b \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u12d8\u1348\u1291 \u1325\u120d\u1245 \u121d\u1225\u1322\u122d\u1295 \u12eb\u12d8\u1208 \u1225\u122b \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u1273\u12c8\u1240 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u12a8\u134d\u1273 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u1228\u1236\u1260\u127d \u12a0\u1201\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u1273\u1215\u1273\u12ed \u12c8\u12ed\u121d \u1273\u1215\u1270 \u1273\u1215\u1273\u12ed \u1270\u1265\u120e \u120a\u1308\u1208\u1345 \u1260\u121a\u127d\u120d \u12a0\u12b3\u12c3\u1295 \u1260\u12a0\u1235\u12a8\u134a \u1290\u1263\u122a\u12ca \u12e8\u1291\u122e \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u12eb\u1209 \u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1296\u127d\u1295 \u1201\u1294\u1273 \u12e8\u130b\u1228\u12f0\u12cd\u1295 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\u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1309\u12de \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12cd\u1235\u1325 \u1260\u12a0\u1295\u12f5 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12a0\u12cd\u12f5 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u1263\u122a\u12eb \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1363\u00a0\u120e\u12d3\u120b\u12ca\u1290\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u12eb\u1235\u12a8\u1260\u1229\u00a0\u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262\u12eb\u12ca \u12e8\u130e\u1233 \u1218\u12cb\u1245\u122d \u1218\u12ab\u12a8\u120d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd\u1295 \u130d\u132d\u1275 \u12eb\u1233\u12eb\u120d\u1362 \u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d \u12e8\u1210\u1260\u123b \u1270\u12c8\u120b\u1306\u127d \u1206\u1290\u12cd \u1233\u1208 \u12d3\u1208\u121d \u12a0\u1240\u134d \u12a5\u12cd\u1245\u1293 \u12eb\u1208\u12cd \u12e8\u1225\u120d\u1323\u1294 \u121b\u12d5\u12a8\u120d \u1218\u1308\u1295\u1263\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u127d\u1209 \u12a0\u1228\u130b\u130d\u1320\u12cb\u120d\u1362 \u12a8\u12a0\u121b\u122b \u1215\u12dd\u1265 \u130b\u122d \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1278\u12cd \u130d\u1295\u1299\u1290\u1275 \u12a5\u1293 \u1260\u12d8\u1262\u12f5 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1228\u12cd \u12e8\u1263\u1215\u120d \u120d\u12cd\u12cd\u1325 \u12e8\u1240\u12ed \u1263\u1215\u122d \u12a0\u12ab\u1263\u1262 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u12f5\u121d\u1240\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362 \u1206\u1296\u121d \u12e81158 \u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0. \u12cd\u12f5\u1240\u1275 \u12c8\u1273\u12f0\u122b\u12ca \u123d\u1295\u1348\u1275 \u12a5\u1295\u12f4\u1275 \u12c8\u12f0 \u12d8\u120b\u1242 \u121b\u1285\u1260\u122b\u12ca \u1218\u1308\u1208\u120d \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u121a\u1240\u12e8\u122d \u12e8\u121a\u12eb\u1233\u12ed \u1275\u121d\u1205\u122d\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362\u00a0\u12a0\u12ad\u1231\u121d 6<sup>\u129b\u12cd<\/sup>\u00a0\u12ad\u134d\u1208 \u12d8\u1218\u1295 \u1260\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u120b\u12ed \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u122b\u1275\u1295 \u12e8\u1260\u120b\u12ed\u1290\u1275\u1293 \u12e8\u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5\u1295 \u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1218\u1228\u12f3\u1275 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u121d\u122d\u121d\u122d \u1265\u127b \u1233\u12ed\u1206\u1295\u1363 \u12db\u122c\u121d \u12f5\u1228\u1235 \u1218\u1265\u1273\u1278\u12cd\u1295 \u1208\u121b\u1235\u12a8\u1260\u122d \u1208\u121a\u1273\u1308\u1209 \u1260\u121a\u120a\u12ee\u1295 \u12e8\u121a\u1246\u1320\u1229 \u12e8\u1218\u1293\u12cd\u12eb\u1295 \u12e8\u12ad\u1265\u122d \u121b\u1308\u1308\u121a\u12eb \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1275 \u1290\u12cd\u1362<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"TEDDY AFRO  - \u1218\u122c\u121b - Merema | Track 15 (Official Lyrics Video)\" width=\"1180\" height=\"664\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jaBZ9xXM2gU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u1260\u12dc\u121b \u12e8\u1273\u1300\u1260 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad \u1309\u12de \u1363 \u12e8\u12e8\u1218\u1295 \u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 \u1218\u1295\u130d\u1225\u1275\u1363 \u12e8\u1219\u1210\u1218\u123a\u1295 \u12e8\u1273\u122a\u12ad\u1293 \u12e8\u1215\u120d\u12cd\u1293 \u1218\u1220\u1228\u1276\u127d &nbsp; \u121a\u12eb\u12da\u12eb 2018 \u12d3.\u121d \u12a0\u12f2\u1235 \u12a0\u1260\u1263 \u1363 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb \u12a0\u1320\u1243\u120e \u12ed\u1205 \u133d\u1211\u134d \u12e8\u12a0\u122d\u1272\u1235\u1275 \u1274\u12f2 \u12a0\u134d\u122e \u201c\u1218\u122c\u121b\u201d \u12e8\u121a\u1208\u12cd \u1225\u122b\u12c8\u1295 \u1260\u1325\u120d\u1240\u1275 \u1260\u121b\u12e8\u1275 \u1218\u122c\u121b \u121b\u1295 \u12a5\u1295\u12f0\u1206\u1290\u127d \u1260\u121a\u1308\u1263 \u1208\u1218\u130d\u1208\u1345 \u121e\u12ad\u122f\u120d\u1362 \u1218\u122c\u121b \u12a0\u1295\u12f2\u1275 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\u12e8\u1218\u1295\u1295 \u1232\u12eb\u1230\u1270\u12f3\u12f5\u1229 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229\u1363 \u128b\u120b\u121d \u12a8\u1270\u1238\u1290\u1349 \u1260\u128b\u120b \u12a5\u12db\u12cd \u12e8\u1240\u1229 \u12a2\u1275\u12ee\u1335\u12eb\u12c9\u12eb\u1295 \u1293\u1278\u12cd\u1362 \u1260\u1270\u1328\u121b\u122a\u121d \u1219\u1210\u1218\u123e\u1296\u127d \u12a81022-1158 \u12d3.\u121d (\u12a5.\u12a4.\u12a0) \u12e8\u1218\u1295\u1295 \u1232\u12eb\u1230\u1270\u12f3\u12f5\u1229 \u12e8\u1290\u1260\u1229 \u1210\u1260\u123e\u127d \u1290\u1260\u1229\u1362 \u1290\u1303\u1212\u12f6\u127d \u1260\u1260\u1218\u12e8\u1295 \u1260\u12da\u12eb\u12f2\u12f5 \u1225\u122d\u12c8 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